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01
по падежам
used to indicate the means of doing or achieving something
Example
She expressed her feelings by writing a poem.
She improves her photography skills by taking a picture every day.
I got to the top of the mountain by hiking for five hours.
02
выражается с помощью творительного падежа
used to indicate the agent performing an action
03
на автобусе, по автобусу
used to indicate the instrument used for a particular purpose or action
Example
She paid by credit card.
I go to work by bus.
04
посредством, с помощью
used to indicate the way in which something happened
Example
We met our favorite author at the bookstore by pure chance.
05
на, раз
used to indicate the amount or degree by which something is different from another thing
Example
He won the race by a large margin.
He beat his opponent by a landslide.
The bullet missed her by a few centimeters.
06
по, согласно
used to specify the standard or unit used to evaluate or measure something
Example
The performance of the employees is evaluated by their sales figures.
The quality of a product is determined by its durability and customer satisfaction.
The weight of the object is given by pounds.
07
с каждым днем, день за днем
used to indicate continuous or sequential occurrence of an action or event
Example
The clock ticked away minute by minute.
08
умножая на, на
used to show the factor or multiplier in a mathematical operation
Example
Find the product by multiplying 7 by 9.
The area of the square is determined by multiplying the length of one side by itself.
Convert the measurement from meters to centimeters by multiplying by 100.
09
к пятнице, до пятницы
used to indicate the deadline or point in time at or before which an action or event is expected to occur or be completed
Example
Please submit your report by Friday.
I will finish the task by the end of the day.
She promised to return the book by tomorrow.
10
в течение, посредством
used to indicate the timeframe within which an action, event, or process occurs
Example
The birds chirp by dawn, signaling the start of a new day.
The flowers bloom by spring and wither by autumn.
The flowers bloom by spring and wither by autumn.
11
у, рядом с
used to indicate the location or proximity of an object or action to a particular place
Example
The park is by the river.
The store is right by the train station.
12
мимо, возле
used to indicate movement or passage alongside or past a particular point or object
Example
The car drove by the old house.
The river flows by the city, offering a scenic view.
The boat sailed by the lighthouse, guided by its beacon.
13
по
used to indicate the source or reference from which information, standards, or rules are derived
Example
The proposition is fine by me.
By law, it is mandatory to wear a seatbelt while driving.
Пример
He walked by without saying a word.
![nearby-words](/assets/icons/near.png)
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