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01
genom, med
used to indicate the means of doing or achieving something
Example
She improves her photography skills by taking a picture every day.
She expressed her feelings by writing a poem.
I got to the top of the mountain by hiking for five hours.
02
av, vid
used to indicate the agent performing an action
03
med buss, genom buss
used to indicate the instrument used for a particular purpose or action
Example
She paid by credit card.
I go to work by bus.
04
genom, med hjälp av
used to indicate the way in which something happened
Example
We met our favorite author at the bookstore by pure chance.
05
med, av
used to indicate the amount or degree by which something is different from another thing
Example
He beat his opponent by a landslide.
He won the race by a large margin.
The bullet missed her by a few centimeters.
06
av, enligt
used to specify the standard or unit used to evaluate or measure something
Example
The effectiveness of a marketing campaign is evaluated by its reach and conversion rates.
The height of the building is specified by meters.
The performance of the employees is evaluated by their sales figures.
07
dag för dag, varje dag
used to indicate continuous or sequential occurrence of an action or event
Example
The clock ticked away minute by minute.
08
multiplicera med, av
used to show the factor or multiplier in a mathematical operation
Example
Find the product by multiplying 7 by 9.
Convert the measurement from meters to centimeters by multiplying by 100.
The area of the square is determined by multiplying the length of one side by itself.
09
senast fredag, före fredag
used to indicate the deadline or point in time at or before which an action or event is expected to occur or be completed
Example
Please submit your report by Friday.
I will finish the task by the end of the day.
She promised to return the book by tomorrow.
10
under, genom
used to indicate the timeframe within which an action, event, or process occurs
Example
The flowers bloom by spring and wither by autumn.
The birds chirp by dawn, signaling the start of a new day.
The flowers bloom by spring and wither by autumn.
11
vid, bredvid
used to indicate the location or proximity of an object or action to a particular place
Example
The park is by the river.
The store is right by the train station.
12
förbi, bredvid
used to indicate movement or passage alongside or past a particular point or object
Example
The car drove by the old house.
The boat sailed by the lighthouse, guided by its beacon.
The river flows by the city, offering a scenic view.
13
enligt
used to indicate the source or reference from which information, standards, or rules are derived
Example
The proposition is fine by me.
By law, it is mandatory to wear a seatbelt while driving.
Exempel
He walked by without saying a word.
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