تعريف ومعنى "by"

in reserve; not for immediate use

used to indicate the agent performing an action

used to indicate the instrument used for a particular purpose or action

used to indicate the way in which something happened

used to indicate the amount or degree by which something is different from another thing

used to specify the standard or unit used to evaluate or measure something

used to indicate continuous or sequential occurrence of an action or event

used to show the factor or multiplier in a mathematical operation

used to indicate the deadline or point in time at or before which an action or event is expected to occur or be completed

used to indicate the timeframe within which an action, event, or process occurs

used to indicate the location or proximity of an object or action to a particular place

used to indicate movement or passage alongside or past a particular point or object

used to indicate the source or reference from which information, standards, or rules are derived