by
例子
The problem was solved by teamwork.
问题通过团队合作得到了解决。
He completed the project by working late.
他通过工作到很晚完成了这个项目。
02
乘
used to show the type of transportation used to travel
例子
We are traveling by bus to the city.
我们正乘巴士前往城市。
He commutes to work by car.
他乘汽车通勤。
03
以, 通过
used to indicate the extent or dimensions of a margin
例子
He won the race by a large margin.
他以很大的优势赢得了比赛。
He beat his opponent by a landslide.
他以压倒性优势击败了对手。
04
由, 被
used to indicate the person or entity performing an action
例子
The letter was delivered by the postman.
这封信是由邮递员送来的。
The decision was made by the committee.
决定是由委员会作出的。
4.1
由, 的
used to refer to the creator or originator of something
例子
The novel by J.K. Rowling became a worldwide bestseller.
J.K. Rowling 的小说成为了全球畅销书。
This painting was created by Pablo Picasso.
这幅画是由巴勃罗·毕加索创作的。
05
由, 通过
used to introduce the term that is being explained or defined
例子
What is meant by " courage "?
"勇气"是什么意思 通过 ?
She clarified what was meant by " innovation. "
她澄清了“创新”所指的意思。
06
通过, 以
used to indicate the name or title by which someone is called or known
例子
I know her by her nickname.
我通过她的昵称认识她。
He 's known by his stage name.
他以他的艺名而闻名。
07
由, 的
used to refer to the parent, other than the one speaking
例子
He is their son by his first wife.
他是他们与他的第一任妻子所生的儿子。
The children are her offspring by her second husband.
这些孩子是她与第二任丈夫所生的子女。
08
由, 的
used to refer to the father of a particular animal, especially in terms of breeding
例子
The foal is by a famous stallion.
这匹小马驹由一匹著名的种马所生。
This colt is by Goldfuerst.
这匹小马由Goldfuerst所生。
09
通过, 由
used in expressions showing how something occurs
例子
I heard by chance that she had moved.
我偶然听说她已经搬走了。
He won the game by luck.
他靠运气赢了比赛。
10
按, 以
used to specify the standard or unit used to evaluate or measure something
例子
We are billed by the hour.
我们是按小时计费的。
The work was calculated by the minute.
工作量是按分钟计算的。
11
乘以, 乘
used in mathematical operations to show multiplication or division
例子
Multiply 4 by 5 to get the result.
将4 乘以 5得到结果。
Divide 12 by 3 for the answer.
将12除以3得到答案。
12
通过, 按照
used to indicate continuous or sequential occurrence of an action or event
例子
The temperature dropped minute by minute.
温度一分钟接一分钟地下降。
The storm intensified hour by hour.
风暴逐小时加剧。
13
按, 根据
used to show the basis for categorization or analysis
例子
The data is broken down by region and age.
数据按地区和年龄细分。
The survey results were categorized by income.
调查结果按收入分类。
13.1
通过, 按照
used to indicate conformity with a standard or expectation
例子
They acted by the guidelines set by the committee.
他们按照委员会制定的指导方针行事。
The team played by the rules and won.
团队按照规则比赛并获胜。
例子
The project must be finished by Friday.
项目必须在星期五之前完成。
The application is due by noon tomorrow.
申请必须在明天中午之前提交。
15
通过, 在...期间
used to show the time period in which something occurs
例子
The lion hunts by night.
狮子在夜间狩猎。
He works by day and sleeps by night.
他白天工作，晚上睡觉。
16
旁边, 附近
used to show the proximity or position beside something
例子
The park is by the river.
公园在河的旁边。
He stood by the window, watching the sunset.
他站在窗户旁边，看着日落。
17
由, 根据
as judged, stated, or approved by someone or something
例子
Anything he does is all right by me.
他做的任何事我都觉得没问题。
By my calculation, we are running late.
根据我的计算，我们迟到了。
18
通过, 由
used to express emphasis or frustration in a mild exclamation
例子
By God, I did n't expect this outcome!
凭上帝，我没想到这个结果！
She 's the kindest soul I 've ever met, by all that's holy.
她是我见过的最善良的灵魂，凭一切神圣的。
19
通过, 由
used to show recognition or identification based on a description or appearance
例子
He is known by his distinctive voice.
他以其独特的声音而闻名。
I recognize them by their accents.
我通过他们的口音认出他们。
20
通过, 用
used to show the part of something that is physically handled or held
例子
He grabbed the box by the handle.
他用把手抓住了盒子。
She held the cup by its rim.
她用杯子的边缘拿着杯子。
21
通过, 由
used to express someone's occupation, origin, etc.
例子
She 's a teacher by profession.
她的职业是教师。
He is an actor by trade.
他以演员为职业。
例子
A good leader always does right by their team.
一个好的领导者总是为他们的团队做正确的事。
The lawyer was just doing her job by her client.
律师只是在为她的客户做她的工作。
by
例子
The train rushed by, leaving a gust of wind in its wake.
火车呼啸而过，在身后留下一阵风。
He walked by without saying a word.
他从旁边走过，一句话也没说。
例子
They've been putting money by for their child's education.
他们一直在为孩子教育存钱起来。
You should put by some supplies in case of an emergency.
你应该储备一些物资以防紧急情况。
例子
I'll come by after work to return your book.
我下班后会过来还你的书。
Some neighbors stopped by to welcome us.
一些邻居过来欢迎我们。
例子
Is there a pharmacy by?
附近有药店吗？
She waited until no one was by before making the call.
她等到没人在附近才打了电话。
by-
01
由, 副
used to indicate something minor, indirect, or not primary
例子
The new drug is effective, but fatigue is a common by-effect.
新药有效，但疲劳是一种常见的副作用。
The factory generates a lot of byproducts that must be carefully disposed of.
工厂产生大量必须小心处理的副产品。
02
通过, 经由
used to indicate a side road, path, or minor route
例子
We took a quiet bypath through the woods to avoid the traffic.
我们选择了一条穿过树林的安静小路以避开交通。
The hiker discovered an old bypassage leading to the river.
徒步旅行者发现了一条通往河流的古老旁路。
