κ²μ
μ¬μ μΈμ΄λ₯Ό μ ννμΈμ
hard
01
μ΄λ €μ΄, νλ
needing a lot of skill or effort to do
μμλ€
Mastering a new language can be hard, especially if it has a complex grammar and vocabulary.
μλ‘μ΄ μΈμ΄λ₯Ό μ΅λνλ κ²μ μ΄λ €μΈ μ μμ΅λλ€, νΉν 볡μ‘ν λ¬Έλ²κ³Ό μ΄νλ₯Ό κ°μ§κ³ μλ€λ©΄.
μμλ€
The diamond is the hardest known natural material.
λ€μ΄μλͺ¬λλ μλ €μ§ μμ° μ¬λ£ μ€ κ°μ₯ λ¨λ¨ν κ²μ
λλ€.
μμλ€
The workers hit the metal with hard blows to shape it.
λ
Έλμλ€μ κΈμμ κ°νκ² μ³μ λͺ¨μμ λ§λ€μλ€.
04
λ±λ±ν, μ°κ΅¬κ°μμ
(of a sound) pronounced by moving the back of the tongue toward the velum
μμλ€
He struggled to distinguish between the hard and soft sounds of certain letters.
κ·Έλ νΉμ κΈμμ λ±λ±ν μ리μ λΆλλ¬μ΄ μ리λ₯Ό ꡬλ³νλ λ° μ΄λ €μμ κ²ͺμμ΅λλ€.
05
λ¨λ¨ν, λ μΉ΄λ‘μ΄
(of light) producing sharp contrasts and clearly defined shadows
μμλ€
Hard light creates crisp, well-defined edges.
νλ λΌμ΄νΈλ μ λͺ
νκ³ μ μ μλ κ°μ₯μ리λ₯Ό λ§λλλ€.
06
κ°ν, μμ½μ¬μ±μ
(of alcoholic beverages) haiving a high alcohol content, often used to describe spirits like whiskey, vodka, or rum
μμλ€
The bar offers a variety of hard spirits, including bourbon and scotch.
μ΄ λ°λ λ²λ²κ³Ό μ€μΉ΄μΉλ₯Ό ν¬ν¨ν λ€μν κ°ν μ¦λ₯μ£Όλ₯Ό μ 곡ν©λλ€.
μμλ€
It was hard to watch the team lose after such a strong start.
κ·Έλ κ² κ°ν μμ νμ νμ΄ μ§λ κ²μ 보λ κ²μ νλ€μλ€.
08
λ±λ±ν, λ§λ₯Έ
stiff or tough due to lack of moisture
μμλ€
The cookies were so hard they could break your teeth.
μΏ ν€κ° λ무 λ±λ±ν΄μ λΉμ μ μ΄λΉ¨μ λΆμ μλ μμμ΅λλ€.
09
λ¨λ¨ν, μνμ§μ
(of water) high in dissolved salts, particularly calcium and magnesium
μμλ€
Hard water can clog pipes over time, leading to costly repairs.
κ²½μλ μκ°μ΄ μ§λ¨μ λ°λΌ νμ΄νλ₯Ό λ§μ μ μμ΄ λΉμ©μ΄ λ§μ΄ λλ μ리λ₯Ό μ΄λν μ μμ΅λλ€.
10
λ¨λ¨ν, ν¬κ³Όλ ₯μ΄ κ°ν
(of radiation) having relatively high penetrating power or energy, such as X-rays or gamma rays
μμλ€
Gamma rays, being a form of hard radiation, can penetrate most solid objects.
κ°λ§μ μ κ°ν λ°©μ¬μ μ ν ννλ‘, λλΆλΆμ κ³ μ²΄ 물체λ₯Ό κ΄ν΅ν μ μμ΅λλ€.
11
λ¨λ¨ν, ꡬ체μ μΈ
based on solid, verifiable evidence or facts
μμλ€
The report provided hard evidence to support the claims of corporate fraud.
λ³΄κ³ μλ κΈ°μ
μ¬κΈ° μ£Όμ₯μ λ·λ°μΉ¨νκΈ° μν νμ€ν μ¦κ±°λ₯Ό μ 곡νλ€.
μμλ€
Efforts to transform sociology into a hard science have sparked significant debate.
μ¬ννμ νλ κ³ΌνμΌλ‘ λ³ννλ €λ λ
Έλ ₯μ μ€μν λ
Όμμ λΆλ¬μΌμΌμΌ°μ΅λλ€.
13
κ°κ²½ν, μ보νμ§ μλ
showing an uncompromising or rigid approach, often in politics or opinions
μμλ€
A hard stance on environmental policies led to protests from industry groups.
νκ²½ μ μ±
μ λν κ°κ²½ν μ
μ₯μ μ°μ
λ¨μ²΄λ€μ μμλ‘ μ΄μ΄μ‘λ€.
14
λ±λ±ν, λ¨λ¨ν
(of a body part) becoming stiff or firm, often in response to certain feelings or physical reactions
μμλ€
The body 's natural response in certain situations is to become hard or tense.
νΉμ μν©μμ λͺΈμ μμ°μ€λ¬μ΄ λ°μμ λ±λ±ν΄μ§κ±°λ κΈ΄μ₯λλ κ²μ
λλ€.
hard
01
μ΄μ¬ν, νλ€κ²
with a lot of difficulty or effort
μμλ€
They trained hard for the upcoming competition.
κ·Έλ€μ λ€κ°μ€λ λνλ₯Ό μν΄ μ΄μ¬ν νλ ¨νλ€.
μμλ€
The climber held hard to the rock face to avoid slipping.
λ±λ°κ°λ λ―Έλλ¬μ§μ§ μλλ‘ λ°μ λ©΄μ λ¨λ¨ν μ‘μλ€.
03
μ§μ€μ μΌλ‘, μ§μ§νκ²
in an earnest or focused manner
μμλ€
I listened hard to her explanation, trying to understand her point.
λλ κ·Έλ
μ μ€λͺ
μ μ΄μ¬ν λ€μΌλ©° κ·Έλ
μ μμ μ μ΄ν΄νλ €κ³ λ
Έλ ₯νλ€.
04
μμ ν, λ¨λ¨ν
to the fullest extent, often used in specific contexts like navigation
μμλ€
The pilot shouted to veer hard to the left when the ship was about to crash.
λ°°κ° μΆ©λνκΈ° μ§νμ μ‘°μ’
μ¬λ κ°νκ² μΌμͺ½μΌλ‘ νλΌκ³ μΈμ³€λ€.
μμλ€
We live hard by the school, so it's easy to walk there.
μ°λ¦¬λ νκ΅ μμ£Ό κ°κΉμ΄ μ΄κΈ° λλ¬Έμ κ±Έμ΄κ°κΈ° μ½μ΅λλ€.
06
λ¨λ¨ν, κ΅³κ²
into a firm state
μμλ€
The snow froze hard overnight, making it slippery.
λμ΄ λ°€μ λ¨λ¨ν μΌμ΄μ λ―Έλλ¬μ λ€.
μ΄ν λ무
hardly
hardness
hardy
hard
