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to be
01
ser, estar
used when naming, or giving description or information about people, things, or situations
Linking Verb: to be [adj] | to be sb/sth | to be to do sth
Exemplos
' Who 's that girl? ' ' She 's my cousin.'
'Quem é aquela garota?' 'Ela é minha prima.'
1.1
ser, ser feito de
used for saying what something is made of
Linking Verb: to be particular constituent parts or material
Exemplos
Her necklace is genuine gold.
O colar dela é de ouro genuíno.
1.2
ser
to express equality between things
Linking Verb: to be sth
Exemplos
New York City is not the United States.
Nova York não é os Estados Unidos.
1.3
custar, ser
used for talking about the cost of something
Linking Verb: to be a particular price
Exemplos
The concert tickets were £ 30 each.
Os bilhetes do concerto eram 30 £ cada.
1.4
ser, pertencer
used for indicating who owns something or who it is meant for
Linking Verb: to be for sb | to be someone's
Exemplos
The letter in the mailbox is for Mr. Johnson; it 's from the bank.
A carta na caixa de correio é para o Sr. Johnson; é do banco.
1.5
ser, representar
used for indicating how great the importance of something is to someone
Linking Verb: to be sth | to be [adj]
Exemplos
Time spent with loved ones is everything to him.
O tempo passado com os entes queridos é tudo para ele.
02
ser
to have an existence
Linking Verb: to be sb/sth
Exemplos
There are plenty of opportunities for improvement.
Há muitas oportunidades para melhorar.
Exemplos
There 's an old oak tree in the backyard.
Há um carvalho velho no quintal.
2.2
estar
to have a presence
Intransitive: to be somewhere
Exemplos
Is there a volunteer willing to assist with the event logistics?
Há algum voluntário disposto a ajudar com a logística do evento?
03
acontecer, realizar-se
to happen or take place
Intransitive: to be somewhere | to be point in time
Exemplos
The seminar is on Monday morning.
O seminário acontece na manhã de segunda-feira.
04
ser, estar
used for talking about time
Linking Verb: to be a specific time | to be [adj]
Exemplos
It was twilight when they reached the mountain summit.
Era crepúsculo quando chegaram ao cume da montanha.
05
estar, fazer
used for talking about the weather
Linking Verb: to be [adj]
Exemplos
It 's freezing cold, so bundle up before going out.
Está um frio congelante, então agasalhe-se bem antes de sair.
06
estar
used in the perfect tenses to mean to go or visit
Intransitive: to be somewhere
Exemplos
Has he been to the new restaurant downtown?
Ele já foi ao novo restaurante no centro?
6.1
ter, ir
used in the perfect tenses to mean to come or visit
Dialect
British
BritishIntransitive
Exemplos
The repairmen have been to fix the plumbing issue.
Os reparadores vieram consertar o problema de encanamento.
07
ser, dizer
used to express what someone has said
Exemplos
When confronted with the challenge, she was all, " We can overcome this! "
Quando confrontada com o desafio, ela foi toda, "Nós podemos superar isso!"
08
estar
(auxiliary) used with the present participle form of a verb in forming progressive tenses
Exemplos
Are you writing your thesis for the conference?
Você está escrevendo sua tese para a conferência?
8.1
ser
(auxiliary) used with the past participle form of a verb when forming the passive voice
Exemplos
The question was answered by the expert.
A pergunta foi respondida pelo especialista.
