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to be
01
いる
used when naming, or giving description or information about people, things, or situations
1.1
いる
used for saying what something is made of
例
The forest is various types of trees and winding paths.
The cake is three layers of deliciousness.
Is your mug ceramic?
The building is a mix of brick and concrete.
Is your table solid wood?
1.2
いる
to express equality between things
例
What is the value of 20 ounces in grams?
New York City is not the United States.
Let z be the result of the multiplication of m and n.
Let y be the product of p and q.
Two plus two is four.
例
'What's the price of the coffee machine?'
The meal at the restaurant was $50 per person.
The tomatoes are $2 per pound.
The concert tickets were £30 each.
The customized furniture set is $1,500.
1.4
いる
used for indicating who owns something or who it is meant for
例
This book is for Tim.
'Whose is this phone?'
'It's not mine, and it's not Tim's.'
'It's not mine, and it's not Tim's.'
1.5
いる
used for indicating how great the importance of something is to someone
例
The safety of our employees is our top priority.
Success is nothing without fulfillment in one's personal life.
Family was everything to me.
The success of this project is crucial for the company's future.
Your health should be paramount to you.
02
いる
to happen or take place
03
いる
to have an existence
例
The park is across the street.
The school is at the end of Maple Avenue.
The files are in the filing cabinet.
The cat is under the bed.
The keys are on the hook by the door.
3.2
いる
to have a presence
例
The children are in the backyard.
Is there a doctor in the house?
There was a police in the other room.
Will your family be at the reunion this year?
Mary was in the garden.
04
いる
used for talking about time
05
いる
used for talking about the weather
06
いる
used in the perfect tenses to mean to go or visit
6.1
いる
used in the perfect tenses to mean to come or visit
例
The repairmen have been to fix the plumbing issue.
Has the cleaning service been to tidy up the house?
Have the painters been to finish the job?
The plumber has been to repair the leaky faucet.
Has the delivery person been to drop off the package?
07
いる
used to express what someone has said
08
いる
(auxiliary) used with the present participle form of a verb in forming progressive tenses
8.1
いる
(auxiliary) used with the past participle form of a verb when forming the passive voice
例
The book was read by thousands of people.
The decision was made by the committee.
The question was answered by the expert.
The movie will be released next month.
The bridge has been repaired after the storm.
例
The dog's name is Max.
My grandmother was 90.
This cake is delicious.
My favorite color is blue.
This plant is a sunflower.
