ΠΡΠΊΠ°ΡΡ
ΠΡΠ±Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΡΠ·ΡΠΊ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ
ΠΡΠ±Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ·ΡΠΊ
under
/ΛΚndΙ/
under
ΠΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ
She found her keys under a pile of papers on her desk.
ΠΠ½Π° Π½Π°ΡΠ»Π° ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΈ ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ Π³ΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠΉ Π±ΡΠΌΠ°Π³ Π½Π° ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΡΠΎΠ»Π΅.
1.1
ΠΏΠΎΠ΄, Π²Π½ΠΈΠ·Ρ
beneath something that acts as a cover, layer, or shield
ΠΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ
The letter was buried under a stack of old newspapers.
ΠΠΈΡΡΠΌΠΎ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ Π·Π°ΡΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ ΡΡΠΎΠΏΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡ
Π³Π°Π·Π΅Ρ.
ΠΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ
Under her cheerful smile, she was hiding sadness.
ΠΠΎΠ΄ Π΅Π΅ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½Π΅ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ»ΡΠ±ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΡΡΠ²Π°Π»Π°ΡΡ Π³ΡΡΡΡΡ.
ΠΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ
The sergeant is under the captain in the hierarchy.
Π‘Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½Ρ Π½Π°Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π² ΠΈΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡ
ΠΈΠΈ.
ΠΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ
Children under five eat for free.
ΠΠ΅ΡΠΈ ΠΌΠ»Π°Π΄ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΡΠΈ Π»Π΅Ρ Π΅Π΄ΡΡ Π±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎ.
05
ΠΏΠΎΠ΄, ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ
being subject to the rule, authority, or governance of something or someone
ΠΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ
The country is under the rule of a monarchy.
Π‘ΡΡΠ°Π½Π° Π½Π°Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ Π²Π»Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ½Π°ΡΡ
ΠΈΠΈ.
5.1
ΠΏΠΎΠ΄, Π² ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΈ Ρ
confirmed, issued, or made valid through the authority or signature of someone
ΠΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ
The document was signed under the mayor's seal.
ΠΠΎΠΊΡΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ Π±ΡΠ» ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΌΡΡΠ°.
5.2
ΠΏΠΎΠ΄, Π²ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ
within the time span or during the leadership of a particular individual or government
ΠΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ
The cathedral was built under King Henry VIII.
Π‘ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡ Π±ΡΠ» ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΠ»Π΅ ΠΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡ
Π΅ VIII.
06
Π² ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΈ Ρ, ΡΠΎΠ³Π»Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎ
in conformity with or following a particular standard, rule, or guideline
ΠΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ
The company operates under strict quality standards.
ΠΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π΅Ρ Π² ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΎ ΡΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°.
ΠΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ
The bridge collapsed under the strain of heavy traffic.
ΠΠΎΡΡ ΡΡΡ
Π½ΡΠ» ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ Π½Π°Π³ΡΡΠ·ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ.
08
ΠΏΠΎΠ΄, Π²
placed in or categorized within a particular heading or classification
ΠΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ
The book falls under the category of science fiction.
ΠΠ½ΠΈΠ³Π° ΠΏΠΎΠΏΠ°Π΄Π°Π΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΡ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ.
8.1
ΠΏΠΎΠ΄, Ρ
using a particular name, alias, or designation
ΠΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ
He traveled under a false name.
ΠΠ½ ΠΏΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π» ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ ΡΡΠΆΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅ΠΌ.
8.2
ΠΏΠΎΠ΄, Π² ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΊΠ°Ρ
(in computing) operating within the framework or system of a specified computer environment
ΠΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ
The program runs under Windows 11.
ΠΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠ° ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ Windows 11.
09
Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅, ΠΏΠΎΠ΄
being in the process of a particular action, treatment, or change
ΠΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ
The material is currently under review.
ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π» Π² Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π½Π° ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ.
9.1
ΠΏΠΎΠ΄, Π²
existing within a particular condition or situation
ΠΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ
They lived under constant fear.
ΠΠ½ΠΈ ΠΆΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΡΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΎΠΌ.
10
ΠΏΠΎΠ΄, Π·Π°ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π½ΡΠΉ
cultivated with a particular crop or vegetation
ΠΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ
The field is under wheat this season.
ΠΠΎΠ»Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π² ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠ½Π΅.
11
ΠΏΠΎΠ΄, ΡΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄
born during the astrological time associated with a specific zodiac sign
ΠΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ
She was born under Leo.
ΠΠ½Π° ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ Π·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΡΠ²Π°.
12
ΠΏΠΎΠ΄, Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠΈΠΌΡΠΉ
moved or driven by a particular mode of propulsion
ΠΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ
The ship sailed under steam.
ΠΠΎΡΠ°Π±Π»Ρ ΠΏΠ»ΡΠ» ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠΌ.
under
01
ΠΏΠΎΠ΄
at or to a position directly beneath or lower than something
ΠΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ
The ball rolled under and disappeared from sight.
ΠΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ ΠΈ ΠΈΡΡΠ΅Π· ΠΈΠ· Π²ΠΈΠ΄Ρ.
02
ΠΏΠΎΠ΄, Π²Π½ΠΈΠ·Ρ
into a position where something is buried, hidden, or covered by something else
ΠΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ
The car was buried under after the avalanche.
ΠΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½Π° Π±ΡΠ»Π° Π·Π°ΡΡΠΏΠ°Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ Π»Π°Π²ΠΈΠ½Ρ.
03
ΠΏΠΎΠ΄, Π²Π½ΠΈΠ·Ρ
downward beyond the horizon or out of sight
ΠΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ
As evening approached, the sun slipped under.
ΠΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠΏΠΈΠ» Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅Ρ, ΡΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·Π½ΡΠ»ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ½Ρ.
04
ΠΏΠΎΠ΄, ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΉ
below the surface of water
ΠΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ
The submarine dipped under and vanished from sight.
ΠΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½Π°Ρ Π»ΠΎΠ΄ΠΊΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠ·ΠΈΠ»Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΈ ΠΈΡΡΠ΅Π·Π»Π° ΠΈΠ· Π²ΠΈΠ΄Ρ.
ΠΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ
The discount applies to purchases of $ 50 or under.
Π‘ΠΊΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠΏΠΊΠ°ΠΌ Π½Π° ΡΡΠΌΠΌΡ 50 $ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅.
06
ΠΏΠΎΠ΄, ΡΡΡΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ
into a state of being unaware or insensible, especially from anesthesia or exhaustion
ΠΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ
He was quickly put under for the surgery.
ΠΠ³ΠΎ Π±ΡΡΡΡΠΎ ΡΡΡΠΏΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ.
07
ΠΏΠΎΠ΄, Π²Π½ΠΈΠ·Ρ
into a state of being controlled, governed, or subordinate
ΠΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ
The rebels were forced under by the advancing army.
ΠΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π²ΡΠ½ΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π°ΡΠΌΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ.
08
ΠΏΠΎΠ΄, Π²Π½ΠΈΠ·
into a state of collapse, destruction, or failure
ΠΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ
Many small businesses went under during the recession.
ΠΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΏΠ΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΊΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ Π²ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ.
01
Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ½ΠΈΠΉ, ΠΏΠΎΠ΄
located on or forming the bottom side or surface of something
ΠΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ
The under side of the leaf had tiny white spots.
ΠΠ° Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ½Π΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Π΅ Π»ΠΈΡΡΠ° Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π±Π΅Π»ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΡΠ½Π°.
02
ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ Π½Π°ΡΠΊΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠΌ, Π±Π΅Π· ΡΠΎΠ·Π½Π°Π½ΠΈΡ
in a state of being rendered insensible or unconscious, especially by medical anesthesia
ΠΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ
The patient was still under when the nurse checked his vitals.
ΠΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ Π²ΡΠ΅ Π΅ΡΠ΅ Π±ΡΠ» ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ Π½Π°ΡΠΊΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠΌ, ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠΈΠ»Π° Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ.
03
Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΉ, Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅
being below the expected, required, or ideal level of a specific quality
Informal
ΠΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ
The soup was a little under and needed more seasoning.
Π‘ΡΠΏ Π±ΡΠ» Π½Π΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅ ΠΈ Π½ΡΠΆΠ΄Π°Π»ΡΡ Π² Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΏΡΠ°Π².
04
ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ½Π½ΡΠΉ, Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉ
holding a position that is subordinate to another in rank
ΠΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ
He worked closely with the under manager on the project.
ΠΠ½ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ΄Π½ΠΈΡΠ°Π» Ρ Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΆΠ΅ΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΡ.
under-
01
ΠΏΠΎΠ΄-, ΡΡΠ±-
used to indicate a position lower than or beneath something else
ΠΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ
She packed her underclothes neatly into the suitcase.
ΠΠ½Π° Π°ΠΊΠΊΡΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ»Π° ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ½Π΅Π΅ Π±Π΅Π»ΡΠ΅ Π² ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π°Π½.
ΠΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ
Each department had an underofficer to assist with daily operations.
Π ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅ Π±ΡΠ» ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅Ρ-ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Ρ, ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΉ Π² Π΅ΠΆΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅Π²Π½ΡΡ
ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡ
.
02
Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎ-, ΠΏΠΎΠ΄-
used to indicate something done to an inadequate or insufficient degree
ΠΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ
The children at the shelter were severely undernourished.
ΠΠ΅ΡΠΈ Π² ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠΊΠΎΡΠΌΠ»Π΅Π½Ρ.
ΠΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ
The cashier reported a small under at closing.
ΠΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠΈΠ» ΠΎ Π½Π΅Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠΉ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π·Π°ΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΠΈ.
02
Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠΊ, Π΄Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡ
an instance of being under a required size, amount, or standard
Informal
ΠΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ
He caught only unders during the fishing trip.
ΠΠ½ ΠΏΠΎΠΉΠΌΠ°Π» ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΊΠ·Π΅ΠΌΠΏΠ»ΡΡΡ Π²ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΡΠ±Π°Π»ΠΊΠΈ.
