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While
01
一段时间, 片刻
a span of time
Example
She waited patiently for a while before the bus finally arrived.
她耐心地等了一段时间，才等到公交车终于来了。
He studied for a while before taking a short break to rest his eyes.
他学习了一段时间，然后短暂休息了一下，放松眼睛。
while
01
尽管, 虽然
despite the fact that; even though
Example
While she had reservations about the plan, she decided to go along with it.
尽管她对这个计划有保留意见，但她还是决定支持这个计划。
While the weather was unfavorable, they went ahead with the outdoor event.
尽管天气不 favorable，他们还是继续进行户外活动。
02
然而, 而
used to indicate contrast
Example
He did n't want to risk his reputation by being associated with the controversial project.
他不想冒着失去名声的风险与这个有争议的项目扯上关系。,然而，他不想冒着失去名声的风险，而与这个有争议的项目扯上关系。
The north of the country experiences cold winters, while the south has mild weather year-round.
这个国家的北部经历寒冷的冬天，而南部则一年四季气候温和。
03
当...的时候, 在...期间
used to indicate a period of time during which an action takes place or a state of affairs exists, often denoting simultaneous or concurrent events
Example
The children played outside while the sun was shining.
孩子们在太阳照耀的时候在外面玩。
He listened to music while I did my homework.
他在我做作业的时候听音乐。
