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to harden
01
硬化させる, 強固にする
to increase firmness or solidity of something
Transitive: to harden material
Example
The painter used a fixative to harden the layers of charcoal on the canvas.
The blacksmith used a quenching process to harden the metal.
The potter fired the ceramics in the kiln to harden them into durable pieces.
02
硬化する, 固める
to increase in firmness or solidity
Intransitive
Example
Over time, the clay sculpture hardened under the sculptor 's skilled hands.
The plaster cast hardened around the broken bone, providing stability and support during the healing process.
After baking in the oven, the cookie dough hardened into crispy, golden-brown treats.
03
固める, 強化する
to make accustomed or less sensitive to unfavorable conditions
Transitive: to harden sb/sth | to harden sb/sth to unfavorable conditions
Example
The gardener hardened the seedlings by gradually exposing them to outdoor conditions.
Living in poverty can harden individuals to financial instability.
The explorer 's expeditions into remote regions had hardened him to solitude and isolation.
04
硬化させる, 無関心にさせる
to make someone's attitude or feelings less sympathetic
Transitive: to harden sb/sth
Example
The anonymity of online interactions can harden individuals.
Continuous exposure to violence in the media can harden individuals to the suffering of others.
Living in a society that values competition over collaboration can harden individuals.
例
The painter used a fixative to harden the layers of charcoal on the canvas.
The blacksmith used a quenching process to harden the metal.
The potter fired the ceramics in the kiln to harden them into durable pieces.
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