to harden
01
硬化, 加固
to increase firmness or solidity of something
Transitive: to harden material
例子
The painter used a fixative to harden the layers of charcoal on the canvas.
画家使用了一种固定剂来硬化画布上的炭层。
The sculptor applied a sealant to harden and protect the clay sculpture.
雕塑家涂了一层密封剂来硬化和保护粘土雕塑。
02
变硬, 硬化
to increase in firmness or solidity
Intransitive
例子
The concrete began to harden as it cured, gradually transforming from a liquid state to a solid structure.
混凝土在固化过程中开始变硬，逐渐从液态转变为固态结构。
Over time, the clay sculpture hardened under the sculptor's skilled hands.
随着时间的推移，粘土雕塑在雕塑家熟练的手下变硬了。
03
使变硬, 使习惯
to make accustomed or less sensitive to unfavorable conditions
Transitive: to harden sb/sth | to harden sb/sth to unfavorable conditions
例子
Exposure to extreme temperatures can harden plants, enabling them to thrive in arid or cold climates.
暴露于极端温度可以使植物变硬，使它们能够在干旱或寒冷的气候中茁壮成长。
The explorer 's expeditions into remote regions had hardened him to solitude and isolation.
探险家对偏远地区的探险使他适应了孤独和隔离。
04
使硬化, 使麻木不仁
to make someone's attitude or feelings less sympathetic
Transitive: to harden sb/sth
例子
Continuous exposure to violence in the media can harden individuals to the suffering of others.
媒体中持续接触暴力可能会使个人对他人的痛苦麻木不仁。
The politician 's divisive rhetoric serves to harden the hearts of his supporters against those with differing political views.
政客的分裂性言论旨在硬化其支持者对持不同政见者的态度。
