āĻ āύā§āϏāύā§āϧāĻžāύ āĻāϰā§āύ
āĻ āĻāĻŋāϧāĻžāύā§āϰ āĻāĻžāώāĻž āύāĻŋāϰā§āĻŦāĻžāĻāύ āĻāϰā§āύ
āĻāĻĒāύāĻžāϰ āĻāĻžāώāĻž āύāĻŋāϰā§āĻŦāĻžāĻāύ āĻāϰā§āύ
01
āϏā§, āϝā§
used to identify a specific person or thing observed or pointed out by the speaker
āĻāĻĻāĻžāĻšāϰāĻŖ
That looks delicious, what is it?
āĻāĻāĻž āϏā§āϏā§āĻŦāĻžāĻĻā§ āĻĻā§āĻāĻžāĻā§āĻā§, āĻāĻāĻž āĻāĻŋ?
1.1
āϏā§āĻāĻž, āĻāĻāĻž
used to refer to the more distant of two things, in contrast to "this"
āĻāĻĻāĻžāĻšāϰāĻŖ
I 'll take this slice and you can have that.
āĻāĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻ āĻā§āĻāϰāĻž āύā§āĻŦ āĻāĻŦāĻ āϤā§āĻŽāĻŋ āϏā§āĻāĻž āύāĻŋāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰā§āĨ¤
02
āϝā§, āϤāĻž
used to refer to a statement, idea, or event already introduced
āĻāĻĻāĻžāĻšāϰāĻŖ
I forgot my umbrella. That was careless of me.
āĻāĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻāĻžāϤāĻž āĻā§āϞ⧠āĻā§āĻāĻŋāĨ¤ āĻāĻāĻž āĻāĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻ
āϏāĻžāĻŦāϧāĻžāύāϤāĻž āĻāĻŋāϞāĨ¤
03
āϝā§, āϤāĻž
used to introduce or refer to something having a particular feature or characteristic
āĻāĻĻāĻžāĻšāϰāĻŖ
He spoke of that which can not be spoken.
āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋ āϝāĻž āĻŦāϞāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧠āύāĻž āϏ⧠āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāϰā§āĻā§ āĻŦāϞā§āĻāĻŋāϞā§āύāĨ¤
āĻāĻĻāĻžāĻšāϰāĻŖ
The woman that called earlier left a message.
āϝ⧠āĻŽāĻšāĻŋāϞāĻžāĻāĻŋ āĻāĻā§ āĻĢā§āύ āĻāϰā§āĻāĻŋāϞ āϏ⧠āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāϰā§āϤāĻž āϰā§āĻā§ āĻā§āĻā§āĨ¤
05
āϝā§, āϤāĻž
used after "and" for emphatic repetition or clarification
āĻāĻĻāĻžāĻšāϰāĻŖ
He helped me, and that without being asked.
āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋ āĻāĻŽāĻžāĻā§ āϏāĻžāĻšāĻžāϝā§āϝ āĻāϰā§āĻāĻŋāϞā§āύ, āĻāĻŦāĻ āϤāĻž āĻāĻŋāĻā§āĻāĻžāϏāĻž āύāĻž āĻāϰā§āĻāĨ¤
06
āϝā§, āϝāĻž
used after a negative to express extent or awareness
āĻāĻĻāĻžāĻšāϰāĻŖ
She has n't mentioned it that I know of.
āĻāĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻāĻžāύāĻž āĻŽāϤ⧠āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋ āĻāĻāĻŋ āĻāϞā§āϞā§āĻ āĻāϰā§āύāύāĻŋāĨ¤
01
āϏā§āĻ, āĻāĻ
used to indicate a specific person or thing that the speaker sees, hears, or is pointing to
āĻāĻĻāĻžāĻšāϰāĻŖ
Do you hear that noise outside?
āĻāĻĒāύāĻŋ āĻāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻāϰ⧠āϏā§āĻ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻļā§āύāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāĻā§āĻā§āύ?
1.1
āϏā§āĻ, āĻāĻ
used to refer to the more distant of two people or things near the speaker
āĻāĻĻāĻžāĻšāϰāĻŖ
That cup is yours; this one is mine.
āϏā§āĻ āĻāĻžāĻĒāĻāĻŋ āϤā§āĻŽāĻžāϰ; āĻāĻāĻŋ āĻāĻŽāĻžāϰāĨ¤
02
āϏā§āĻ, āĻāĻ
used to refer to something previously mentioned, known, or understood in the context
āĻāĻĻāĻžāĻšāϰāĻŖ
I missed the meeting on that day.
āĻāĻŽāĻŋ āϏā§āĻ āĻĻāĻŋāύā§āϰ āĻŽāĻŋāĻāĻŋāĻ āĻŽāĻŋāϏ āĻāϰā§āĻāĻŋāĨ¤
03
āϏā§āĻ, āĻāĻ
used to identify or single out a person or thing with a notable or distinctive feature
āĻāĻĻāĻžāĻšāϰāĻŖ
We bought that house with the red door.
āĻāĻŽāϰāĻž āϞāĻžāϞ āĻĻāϰāĻāĻž āϏāĻš āϏā§āĻ āĻŦāĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋāĻāĻŋ āĻāĻŋāύā§āĻāĻŋāĨ¤
3.1
āϏā§āĻ, āĻāĻ
used to refer to a specific person or thing that the listener is expected to recognize or be familiar with
āĻāĻĻāĻžāĻšāϰāĻŖ
I heard that neighbor of yours finally moved out.
āĻāĻŽāĻŋ āĻļā§āύā§āĻāĻŋ āϝ⧠āϏā§āĻ āϤā§āĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻŦā§āĻļā§ āĻļā§āώ āĻĒāϰā§āϝāύā§āϤ āĻāϞ⧠āĻā§āĻā§āĨ¤
01
āϝā§
used to introduce a subordinate clause expressing a statement, thought, or reported speech
āĻāĻĻāĻžāĻšāϰāĻŖ
I believe that he will come through in the end.
āĻāĻŽāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦāĻžāϏ āĻāϰāĻŋ āϝ⧠āĻļā§āώ āĻĒāϰā§āϝāύā§āϤ āϏ⧠āϏāĻĢāϞ āĻšāĻŦā§āĨ¤
1.1
āϝā§, āĻāĻžāϰāĻŖ
used to introduce a clause giving the reason or cause for something
āĻāĻĻāĻžāĻšāϰāĻŖ
She was nervous that everyone would judge her.
āϏ⧠āĻāĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻā§āύ āĻāĻŋāϞ āϝ⧠āϏāĻŦāĻžāĻ āϤāĻžāĻā§ āĻŦāĻŋāĻāĻžāϰ āĻāϰāĻŦā§āĨ¤
1.2
āϝā§, āϝāĻžāϤā§
used to introduce a clause showing the result of something
āĻāĻĻāĻžāĻšāϰāĻŖ
It was such a loud noise that everyone turned around.
āĻāĻāĻž āĻāϤ āĻā§āϰ⧠āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻāĻŋāϞ āϝ⧠āϏāĻŦāĻžāĻ āĻā§āϰ⧠āϤāĻžāĻāĻžāϞāĨ¤
āĻāĻĻāĻžāĻšāϰāĻŖ
He trained hard that he might win the race.
āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋ āĻāĻ ā§āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļāĻŋāĻā§āώāĻŖ āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§āĻāĻŋāϞā§āύ āϝāĻžāϤ⧠āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋ āϰā§āϏ āĻāĻŋāϤāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰā§āύāĨ¤
02
āĻšāϝāĻŧāϤā§, āϝāĻĻāĻŋ āĻļā§āϧā§
used to express a strong wish, longing, or regret
Formal
āĻāĻĻāĻžāĻšāϰāĻŖ
Would that it were true.
āϝāĻĻāĻŋ āϏā§āĻāĻž āϏāϤā§āϝ āĻšāϤāĨ¤
āĻāĻĻāĻžāĻšāϰāĻŖ
She did n't seem that impressed by the performance.
āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋ āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻĢāϰāĻŽā§āϝāĻžāύā§āϏ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāϰāĻž āĻāϤāĻāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāĻāĻžāĻŦāĻŋāϤ āĻŦāϞ⧠āĻŽāύ⧠āĻšāĻā§āĻāĻŋāϞ āύāĻžāĨ¤
āĻāĻĻāĻžāĻšāϰāĻŖ
I want the desk to be that long, right across the wall.
āĻāĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻžāĻ āĻĄā§āϏā§āĻāĻāĻŋ āĻāϤ āϞāĻŽā§āĻŦāĻž āĻšā§āĻ, āĻ āĻŋāĻ āĻĻā§āϝāĻŧāĻžāϞ āĻŦāϰāĻžāĻŦāϰāĨ¤
1.2
āĻāϤ, āĻā§āĻŦ
used for emphasis in casual speech, often with negatives or understatement
āĻāĻĻāĻžāĻšāϰāĻŖ
I did n't like it that much.
āĻāĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻāĻž āĻāϤ āĻĒāĻāύā§āĻĻ āĻāϰāĻŋāύāĻŋāĨ¤



























