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to stain
01
染みをつける, 汚す
to create marks or discoloration on a surface, usually by accidentally spilling or allowing a substance to absorb
Transitive: to stain sth
Example
Spilling coffee on the carpet may stain it if not cleaned promptly.
Certain foods, like berries, have the potential to stain teeth over time.
Ink from a leaky pen can stain clothing if not treated quickly.
02
染める, 汚す
to change the color of something by a liquid dye or chemical
Transitive: to stain a surface with a color
Example
She stained the wooden table with a rich mahogany finish to match the decor.
The painter stained the exterior walls of the house with a warm beige hue.
To enhance the appearance of the deck, they stained it with a dark walnut color.
03
色素で染色する, 染める
to apply a colored substance to a microscopic sample for enhanced visibility under a microscope
Transitive: to stain a microscopic sample with a color
Example
The biologist stained the tissue sample with eosin to highlight the cellular structures.
Before examination, the microbiologist stained the bacterial culture with crystal violet.
To visualize the presence of fungi, the mycologist stained the fungal spores with lactophenol cotton blue.
04
to tarnish or blemish the reputation or image of a person, group, or thing
Transitive: to stain someone's reputation
Example
The scandalous revelations stained the politician's reputation irreparably.
The company 's unethical practices stained its reputation in the eyes of consumers.
The allegations of misconduct stained the reputation of the prestigious university.
Stain
01
a soiled or discolored appearance
02
染色液, 染色剤
(microscopy) a dye or other coloring material that is used in microscopy to make structures visible
03
the state of being covered with unclean things
04
汚名（おめい）, 汚点（おてん）
an act that brings discredit to the person who does it
05
a symbol of disgrace or infamy
