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to etch
01
エッチングする, 刻む
to cut or carve designs or writings on a hard surface, often using acid or a laser beam
Transitive: to etch a design on a surface | to etch a design onto a surface
Example
The artist etched a detailed illustration on a metal plate.
The jeweler etched intricate patterns onto the silver pendant.
The printmaker used a technique to etch fine lines onto the copper plate.
02
彫る（ほる）, エッチングする
to engrave an image or design onto a block of material, such as wood or metal, for the purpose of printing
Transitive: to etch a surface or block
Example
In the traditional art of woodblock printing, craftsmen would etch the wooden blocks with scenes of everyday life.
After etching the stone block, the lithographer prepared it for printing by applying ink to the raised surfaces.
The printmaker spent hours etching a zinc plate.
03
エッチングする, 蝕刻する
to remove specific portions of a material's surface through chemical or physical means
Transitive: to etch a material
Example
The engineer used a strong acid to etch the copper layer from the printed circuit board.
The engineer used a laser to etch the silicon wafer with precise lines.
The manufacturer etched the semiconductor chip to form the transistors.
04
刻む (きざむ), 彫刻する (ちょうこくする)
to make something distinctly visible or noticeable
Transitive: to etch sth
Example
The harsh sunlight etched the contours of the mountains against the clear blue sky.
The artist used a sharp contrast of light and shadow to etch the outlines of the building.
The sculptor used strategic lighting to etch the shadows and highlights of the sculpture.
