āĻ āĻ¨ā§āĻ¸āĻ¨ā§āĻ§āĻžāĻ¨ āĻāĻ°ā§āĻ¨
āĻ āĻāĻŋāĻ§āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ° āĻāĻžāĻˇāĻž āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻ¨ āĻāĻ°ā§āĻ¨
āĻāĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻāĻžāĻˇāĻž āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻ¨ āĻāĻ°ā§āĻ¨
vertical
/vËÉËtÉĒkÉâl/
vertical
01
āĻāĻ˛ā§āĻ˛āĻŽā§āĻŦ
positioned at a right angle to the horizon or ground, typically moving up or down
āĻāĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖ
She planted the flowers in vertical rows in the garden.
āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻžāĻ¨ā§ āĻĢā§āĻ˛āĻā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻāĻ˛ā§āĻ˛āĻŽā§āĻŦ āĻ¸āĻžāĻ°āĻŋāĻ¤ā§ āĻ°ā§āĻĒāĻŖ āĻāĻ°ā§āĻāĻŋāĻ˛ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤
02
āĻāĻ˛ā§āĻ˛āĻŽā§āĻŦ, āĻĒāĻĻāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻā§āĻ°āĻŽāĻŋāĻ
involving a system where individuals or groups are ranked by status, power, or income
āĻāĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖ
The vertical structure of the military ensures clear chains of command and responsibility.
āĻ¸āĻžāĻŽāĻ°āĻŋāĻ āĻŦāĻžāĻšāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ° āĻāĻ˛ā§āĻ˛āĻŽā§āĻŦ āĻāĻžāĻ āĻžāĻŽā§ āĻāĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻĄ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻĻāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĻŋāĻ¤ā§āĻŦā§āĻ° āĻ¸ā§āĻĒāĻˇā§āĻ āĻļā§āĻā§āĻāĻ˛āĻž āĻ¨āĻŋāĻļā§āĻāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻāĻ°ā§āĨ¤
2.1
āĻāĻ˛ā§āĻ˛āĻŽā§āĻŦ, āĻāĻžāĻ¤āĻāĻŋāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ
relating to a business structure that focuses on a specific sector or industry, often in a hierarchical manner
āĻāĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖ
Vertical integration helped the firm control every aspect of production.
āĻāĻ˛ā§āĻ˛āĻŽā§āĻŦ āĻ¸āĻāĻšāĻ¤āĻāĻ°āĻŖ āĻĢāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻŽāĻāĻŋāĻā§ āĻā§āĻĒāĻžāĻĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋāĻāĻŋ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ°āĻŖ āĻāĻ°āĻ¤ā§ āĻ¸āĻžāĻšāĻžāĻ¯ā§āĻ¯ āĻāĻ°ā§āĻā§āĨ¤
03
āĻāĻ˛ā§āĻ˛āĻŽā§āĻŦ, āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻ°
relating to the passing of something, like a virus or genetic trait, from one generation to the next
āĻāĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖ
Vertical transmission of traits determines what is inherited.
āĻŦā§āĻļāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻā§āĻ¯āĻā§āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ° āĻāĻ˛ā§āĻ˛āĻŽā§āĻŦ āĻ¸āĻāĻā§āĻ°āĻŽāĻŖ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻ§āĻžāĻ°āĻŖ āĻāĻ°ā§ āĻ¯āĻž āĻāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻ°āĻžāĻ§āĻŋāĻāĻžāĻ°āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻĒā§āĻ¤ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
Vertical
01
āĻāĻ˛ā§āĻ˛āĻŽā§āĻŦ, āĻāĻ˛ā§āĻ˛āĻŽā§āĻŦ āĻāĻĒāĻžāĻĻāĻžāĻ¨
an upright element of a structure, such as a post or column, that provides support or defines the shape of a building
āĻāĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖ
The building 's verticals were made of reinforced steel to support the weight.
āĻāĻŦāĻ¨ā§āĻ° āĻāĻ˛ā§āĻ˛āĻŽā§āĻŦ āĻāĻĒāĻžāĻĻāĻžāĻ¨āĻā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻāĻāĻ¨ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ°ā§āĻĨāĻ¨ āĻāĻ°āĻžāĻ° āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻļāĻā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻļāĻžāĻ˛ā§ āĻāĻ¸ā§āĻĒāĻžāĻ¤ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§ āĻ¤ā§āĻ°āĻŋ āĻāĻ°āĻž āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧā§āĻāĻŋāĻ˛āĨ¤
02
āĻāĻ˛ā§āĻ˛āĻŽā§āĻŦ, āĻāĻ˛ā§āĻ˛āĻŽā§āĻŦ āĻ°ā§āĻāĻž
a line or direction that is positioned straight up and down, perpendicular to the horizon
āĻāĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖ
The artist drew a vertical on the canvas to guide her composition.
āĻļāĻŋāĻ˛ā§āĻĒā§ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻāĻŽā§āĻĒā§āĻāĻŋāĻļāĻ¨āĻā§ āĻāĻžāĻāĻĄ āĻāĻ°āĻ¤ā§ āĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨āĻāĻžāĻ¸ā§ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻāĻ˛ā§āĻ˛āĻŽā§āĻŦ āĻāĻāĻāĻ˛ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤
03
āĻāĻ˛ā§āĻ˛āĻŽā§āĻŦ, āĻāĻ˛ā§āĻ˛āĻŽā§āĻŦ āĻ°ā§āĻāĻž
anything that is positioned upright or aligned in a direction that is perpendicular to the ground
āĻāĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖ
The structure 's verticals are reinforced for better stability.
āĻāĻžāĻ˛ āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻŋāĻ¤āĻŋāĻļā§āĻ˛āĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻāĻžāĻ āĻžāĻŽā§āĻ° āĻāĻ˛ā§āĻ˛āĻŽā§āĻŦ āĻ
āĻāĻļāĻā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻļāĻā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻļāĻžāĻ˛ā§ āĻāĻ°āĻž āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧā§āĻā§āĨ¤
āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāĻ¤āĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻ āĻāĻžāĻ
verticality
vertically
verticalness
vertical
vertic
āĻ¨āĻŋāĻāĻāĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ
