ΠΡΠΊΠ°ΡΡ
ΠΡΠ±Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΡΠ·ΡΠΊ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ
ΠΡΠ±Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ·ΡΠΊ
vertical
/vΛΙΛtΙͺkΙβl/
vertical
01
Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ
positioned at a right angle to the horizon or ground, typically moving up or down
ΠΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ
The skyscraper 's vertical lines gave it a sleek and modern appearance.
ΠΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΈ Π½Π΅Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΡΠ΅Π±Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΄Π°Π²Π°Π»ΠΈ Π΅ΠΌΡ Π³Π»Π°Π΄ΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ Π²ΠΈΠ΄.
02
Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ, ΠΈΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ
involving a system where individuals or groups are ranked by status, power, or income
ΠΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ
The vertical distribution of wealth leads to significant economic disparities.
ΠΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π±ΠΎΠ³Π°ΡΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΊ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ disparities.
2.1
Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ, ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠ»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ
relating to a business structure that focuses on a specific sector or industry, often in a hierarchical manner
ΠΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ
The company adopted a vertical strategy by acquiring suppliers.
ΠΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ»Π° Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡ, ΠΏΡΠΈΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ².
03
Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ, ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΉ
relating to the passing of something, like a virus or genetic trait, from one generation to the next
ΠΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ
The vertical transmission of the virus can happen during birth.
ΠΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Π°ΡΠ° Π²ΠΈΡΡΡΠ° ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠΉΡΠΈ Π²ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ².
Vertical
01
Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ°Π»Ρ, Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ
an upright element of a structure, such as a post or column, that provides support or defines the shape of a building
ΠΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ
The designer added verticals to the framework to enhance its stability.
ΠΠΈΠ·Π°ΠΉΠ½Π΅Ρ Π΄ΠΎΠ±Π°Π²ΠΈΠ» Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΠΈ.
02
Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ°Π»Ρ, Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ
a line or direction that is positioned straight up and down, perpendicular to the horizon
ΠΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ
The carpenter used a level to ensure the vertical was perfectly straight.
ΠΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π» ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Ρ, ΡΡΠΎΠ±Ρ ΡΠ±Π΅Π΄ΠΈΡΡΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ°Π»Ρ Π±ΡΠ»Π° ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΡΠΌΠΎΠΉ.
03
Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ°Π»Ρ, Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ
anything that is positioned upright or aligned in a direction that is perpendicular to the ground
ΠΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ
The verticals of the racket help control the direction of the ball.
ΠΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³Π°ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΡΡΠ°.
ΠΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎ
verticality
vertically
verticalness
vertical
vertic
