āĻ āĻ¨ā§āĻ¸āĻ¨ā§āĻ§āĻžāĻ¨ āĻāĻ°ā§āĻ¨
āĻ āĻāĻŋāĻ§āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ° āĻāĻžāĻˇāĻž āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻ¨ āĻāĻ°ā§āĻ¨
āĻāĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻāĻžāĻˇāĻž āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻ¨ āĻāĻ°ā§āĻ¨
upstream
/ËĘpËstriËm/
āĻāĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖ
The salmon swim upstream to spawn in the freshwater streams where they were born.
āĻ¸ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻŽāĻ¨ āĻ¸ā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ° āĻŦāĻŋāĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻ¸āĻžāĻāĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻāĻžāĻā§ āĻ¯ā§āĻāĻžāĻ¨ā§ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻŽāĻā§āĻ°āĻšāĻŖ āĻāĻ°ā§āĻā§ āĻ¸ā§āĻ āĻŽāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻāĻŋ āĻāĻ˛ā§āĻ° āĻ¸ā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻĄāĻŋāĻŽ āĻĒāĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻ° āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĨ¤
upstream
01
āĻāĻāĻžāĻ¨, āĻ¸ā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ° āĻŦāĻŋāĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§
situated or moving in the direction opposite to the flow of a stream or current
āĻāĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖ
The upstream swim against the current was challenging but invigorating.
āĻ¸ā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ° āĻŦāĻŋāĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻāĻāĻžāĻ¨ā§ āĻ¸āĻžāĻāĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻāĻžāĻāĻž āĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ˛ā§āĻā§āĻāĻŋāĻ āĻāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻāĻĻā§āĻĻā§āĻĒāĻ āĻāĻŋāĻ˛āĨ¤
02
āĻāĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ° āĻĻāĻŋāĻā§, āĻāĻĒāĻ¸ā§āĻā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻŽ
occurring earlier in a sequence of genetic material where transcription begins before a specified point
āĻāĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖ
Upstream signals from the receptor activate downstream transcription factors.
āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻĒā§āĻāĻ° āĻĨā§āĻā§ āĻāĻĒāĻ¸ā§āĻā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻŽ āĻ¸āĻāĻā§āĻ¤āĻā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻĄāĻžāĻāĻ¨āĻ¸ā§āĻā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻŽ āĻā§āĻ°āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¸āĻā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻĒāĻļāĻ¨ āĻĢā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻā§āĻāĻ°āĻā§āĻ˛āĻŋāĻā§ āĻ¸āĻā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻāĻ°ā§āĨ¤
03
āĻāĻāĻžāĻ¨, āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻĨāĻŽāĻŋāĻ
happening earlier and setting the stage for subsequent events or outcomes
āĻāĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖ
Addressing upstream causes can improve efficiency later.
āĻāĻĒāĻ¸ā§āĻā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻŽ āĻāĻžāĻ°āĻŖāĻā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻŽā§āĻāĻžāĻŦā§āĻ˛āĻž āĻāĻ°āĻ˛ā§ āĻĒāĻ°ā§ āĻĻāĻā§āĻˇāĻ¤āĻž āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¨āĻ¤ āĻšāĻ¤ā§ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§āĨ¤
