Definition & Meaning of "lobotomy"in English

What is a "lobotomy"?

A lobotomy is a surgical procedure that was historically used to treat serious mental illnesses by disconnecting certain nerve pathways in the brain. This procedure involves cutting or scraping away connections of the prefrontal cortex, which is responsible for more complex mental functions and emotional control. Lobotomies were once used as a last resort when other treatments failed, but they are now largely rejected because of their often serious and permanent effects on personality and mental functioning. The procedure has been widely replaced by safer and more effective treatments, such as medications and psychotherapy, for managing mental health conditions.