reference
re
╦Иr╔Ы
рд░рдП
fe
f╔Щ
рдлрдЕ
rence
r╔Щns
рд░рдЕрдирд╕
/╦Иr╔Ыf╔Щr╔Щns/

рдЕрдВрдЧреНрд░реЗрдЬрд╝реА рдореЗрдВ "reference"рдХреА рдкрд░рд┐рднрд╛рд╖рд╛ рдФрд░ рдЕрд░реНрде

01

рд╕рдВрджрд░реНрдн, рдЙрджреНрдзрд░рдг

a mention or citation of something, often to provide context or support for an idea
рдЙрджрд╛рд╣рд░рдг
The movie included a reference to a famous scene from an older film.
рдлрд┐рд▓реНрдо рдореЗрдВ рдПрдХ рдкреБрд░рд╛рдиреА рдлрд┐рд▓реНрдо рдХреЗ рдПрдХ рдкреНрд░рд╕рд┐рджреНрдз рджреГрд╢реНрдп рдХрд╛ рд╕рдВрджрд░реНрдн рд╢рд╛рдорд┐рд▓ рдерд╛ред
02

рд╕рдВрджрд░реНрдн, рд╕рдВрджрд░реНрдн рдиреЛрдЯ

a short note in a book giving information about the source of its subject
рдЙрджрд╛рд╣рд░рдг
The reference note gave credit to the historian who provided the key insights for the book.
рд╕рдВрджрд░реНрдн рдиреЛрдЯ рдиреЗ рдЙрд╕ рдЗрддрд┐рд╣рд╛рд╕рдХрд╛рд░ рдХреЛ рд╢реНрд░реЗрдп рджрд┐рдпрд╛ рдЬрд┐рд╕рдиреЗ рдкреБрд╕реНрддрдХ рдХреЗ рд▓рд┐рдП рдорд╣рддреНрд╡рдкреВрд░реНрдг рдЬрд╛рдирдХрд╛рд░реА рдкреНрд░рджрд╛рди рдХреАред
03

рд╕рдВрджрд░реНрдн, рд╕рдВрджрд░реНрдн рдЧреНрд░рдВрде

a work containing useful information on a particular subject, often consulted for guidance or clarification
рдЙрджрд╛рд╣рд░рдг
The reference is located on the top shelf.
рд╕рдВрджрд░реНрдн рд╢реАрд░реНрд╖ рд╢реЗрд▓реНрдл рдкрд░ рд╕реНрдерд┐рдд рд╣реИред
04

рд╕рдВрджрд░реНрдн, рддреБрд▓рдирд╛ рдмрд┐рдВрджреБ

a point of comparison or a standard used to evaluate or measure something
рдЙрджрд╛рд╣рд░рдг
Her academic achievements were a reference for her potential in the scholarship program.
рдЙрд╕рдХреА рд╢реИрдХреНрд╖рдгрд┐рдХ рдЙрдкрд▓рдмреНрдзрд┐рдпрд╛рдБ рдЫрд╛рддреНрд░рд╡реГрддреНрддрд┐ рдХрд╛рд░реНрдпрдХреНрд░рдо рдореЗрдВ рдЙрд╕рдХреА рдХреНрд╖рдорддрд╛ рдХреЗ рд▓рд┐рдП рдПрдХ рд╕рдВрджрд░реНрдн рдереАрдВред
05

рд╕рдиреНрджрд░реНрдн

a letter written by a former employer about a former employee who has applied for a new job, giving information about them
рдЙрджрд╛рд╣рд░рдг
Her glowing reference helped her secure the position she had applied for.
рдЙрд╕рдХрд╛ рдЪрдордХрддрд╛ рд╣реБрдЖ рд╕рдВрджрд░реНрдн рдЙрд╕реЗ рд╡рд╣ рдкрдж рд╕реБрд░рдХреНрд╖рд┐рдд рдХрд░рдиреЗ рдореЗрдВ рдорджрдж рдХрд░рддрд╛ рд╣реИ рдЬрд┐рд╕рдХреЗ рд▓рд┐рдП рдЙрд╕рдиреЗ рдЖрд╡реЗрджрди рдХрд┐рдпрд╛ рдерд╛ред
06

the specific thing, object, or concept that a word, phrase, or expression points to

рдЙрджрд╛рд╣рд░рдг
The poet 's use of " rose " changes the reference from literal to symbolic.
07

the act of referring to, consulting, or directing attention to a source of information

рдЙрджрд╛рд╣рд░рдг
During the lecture, the professor made frequent references to historical documents.
08

the relationship in which a word, phrase, or expression points to, denotes, or indicates a specific entity, object, or concept

рдЙрджрд╛рд╣рд░рдг
The speaker 's reference to " the mayor " required listeners to know which city was meant.
09

a publication, or a specific passage within a publication, that is cited or referred to

рдЙрджрд╛рд╣рд░рдг
He highlighted a key reference from the original study.
10

the code, pointer, or address that indicates where a piece of information is stored in memory or storage

рдЙрджрд╛рд╣рд░рдг
Memory references are crucial for efficient computer operations.
01

to refer to a source, publication, or piece of information for evidence, support, or clarification

рдЙрджрд╛рд╣рд░рдг
The teacher asked students to reference all sources in their bibliography.

рд╢рдмреНрджрд╛рд╡рд▓реА рд╡реГрдХреНрд╖

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