reference
re
ˈrɛ
re
fe
fə
fē
rence
rəns
rēns
/ˈrɛfərəns/

āχāĻ‚āϰ⧇āϜāĻŋāϤ⧇ "reference"āĻāϰ āϏāĻ‚āĻœā§āĻžāĻž āĻ“ āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨ

01

āωāĻ˛ā§āϞ⧇āĻ–, āωāĻĻā§āϧ⧃āϤāĻŋ

a mention or citation of something, often to provide context or support for an idea
āωāĻĻāĻžāĻšāϰāĻŖ
His speech made multiple references to historical events.
āϤāĻžāρāϰ āĻŦāĻ•ā§āϤ⧃āϤāĻžāϝāĻŧ āϐāϤāĻŋāĻšāĻžāϏāĻŋāĻ• āϘāϟāύāĻžāϗ⧁āϞāĻŋāϰ āĻāĻ•āĻžāϧāĻŋāĻ• āωāĻ˛ā§āϞ⧇āĻ– āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤
02

āϏ⧂āĻ¤ā§āϰ, āϏ⧂āĻ¤ā§āϰ āύ⧋āϟ

a short note in a book giving information about the source of its subject
āωāĻĻāĻžāĻšāϰāĻŖ
The book 's reference section helps readers find the sources used to write the text.
āĻŦāχāϝāĻŧ⧇āϰ āϰ⧇āĻĢāĻžāϰ⧇āĻ¨ā§āϏ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ­āĻžāĻ— āĻĒāĻžāĻ āĻ•āĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻĒāĻžāĻ ā§āϝ āϞāĻŋāĻ–āϤ⧇ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§ƒāϤ āωāĻ¤ā§āϏāϗ⧁āϞāĻŋ āϖ⧁āρāĻœā§‡ āĻĒ⧇āϤ⧇ āϏāĻšāĻžāϝāĻŧāϤāĻž āĻ•āϰ⧇āĨ¤
03

āϏāĻ¨ā§āĻĻāĻ°ā§āĻ­, āϏāĻ¨ā§āĻĻāĻ°ā§āĻ­ āĻ—ā§āϰāĻ¨ā§āĻĨ

a work containing useful information on a particular subject, often consulted for guidance or clarification
āωāĻĻāĻžāĻšāϰāĻŖ
The reference contains the answers to your questions.
āϰ⧇āĻĢāĻžāϰ⧇āĻ¨ā§āϏ āφāĻĒāύāĻžāϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ⧇āϰ āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰ āϰāϝāĻŧ⧇āϛ⧇āĨ¤
04

āϏ⧂āĻ¤ā§āϰ, āϤ⧁āϞāύāĻž āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻĻ⧁

a point of comparison or a standard used to evaluate or measure something
āωāĻĻāĻžāĻšāϰāĻŖ
The star 's brightness was used as a reference in the study of celestial bodies.
āύāĻ•ā§āώāĻ¤ā§āϰ⧇āϰ āωāĻœā§āĻœā§āĻŦāϞāϤāĻž āĻŽāĻšāĻžāĻ•āĻžāĻļā§€āϝāĻŧ āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āϤ⧁āϰ āĻ—āĻŦ⧇āώāĻŖāĻžāϝāĻŧ āϏ⧂āĻ¤ā§āϰ āĻšāĻŋāϏāĻžāĻŦ⧇ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§ƒāϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤
05

āϏ⧁āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻŋāĻļ

a letter written by a former employer about a former employee who has applied for a new job, giving information about them
āωāĻĻāĻžāĻšāϰāĻŖ
His reference highlighted his strong work ethic and excellent communication skills.
āϤāĻžāϰ āϰ⧇āĻĢāĻžāϰ⧇āĻ¨ā§āϏ āϤāĻžāϰ āĻļāĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋāĻļāĻžāϞ⧀ āĻ•āĻžāĻœā§‡āϰ āύ⧈āϤāĻŋāĻ•āϤāĻž āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϚāĻŽā§ŽāĻ•āĻžāϰ āϝ⧋āĻ—āĻžāϝ⧋āĻ— āĻĻāĻ•ā§āώāϤāĻž āϤ⧁āϞ⧇ āϧāϰ⧇āϛ⧇āĨ¤
06

the specific thing, object, or concept that a word, phrase, or expression points to

āωāĻĻāĻžāĻšāϰāĻŖ
Linguists study how words acquire reference in different contexts.
07

the act of referring to, consulting, or directing attention to a source of information

āωāĻĻāĻžāĻšāϰāĻŖ
The report included references to multiple academic studies.
08

the relationship in which a word, phrase, or expression points to, denotes, or indicates a specific entity, object, or concept

āωāĻĻāĻžāĻšāϰāĻŖ
Pronouns like " he " or " they " depend on context to establish reference.
09

a publication, or a specific passage within a publication, that is cited or referred to

āωāĻĻāĻžāĻšāϰāĻŖ
She added several references from historical texts in her essay.
10

the code, pointer, or address that indicates where a piece of information is stored in memory or storage

āωāĻĻāĻžāĻšāϰāĻŖ
The database stores references to user profiles rather than duplicating data.
01

to refer to a source, publication, or piece of information for evidence, support, or clarification

āωāĻĻāĻžāĻšāϰāĻŖ
The report references the latest government statistics.

āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāϤāĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻ• āĻ—āĻžāĻ›

coreference
reference
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āύāĻŋāĻ•āϟāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤ⧀ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ
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āĻ…ā§āϝāĻžāĻĒ āĻĄāĻžāωāύāϞ⧋āĻĄ āĻ•āϰ⧁āύ