Reference
01
مرجع, اقتباس
a mention or citation of something, often to provide context or support for an idea
أمثلة
The article included several references to previous studies on the topic.
تضمن المقال عدة مراجع إلى دراسات سابقة حول الموضوع.
His speech made multiple references to historical events.
تضمن خطابه عدة إشارات إلى أحداث تاريخية.
02
مرجع, ملاحظة مرجعية
a short note in a book giving information about the source of its subject
أمثلة
At the end of the chapter, the author included a reference to the original research study.
في نهاية الفصل، أدرج المؤلف مرجعًا إلى دراسة البحث الأصلية.
The book ’s reference section helps readers find the sources used to write the text.
قسم المراجع في الكتاب يساعد القراء في العثور على المصادر المستخدمة لكتابة النص.
03
مرجع, عمل مرجعي
a work containing useful information on a particular subject, often consulted for guidance or clarification
أمثلة
Please check the reference for additional information.
يرجى مراجعة المرجع لمزيد من المعلومات.
The reference contains the answers to your questions.
المرجع يحتوي على إجابات أسئلتك.
04
مرجع, نقطة مرجعية
a point of comparison or a standard used to evaluate or measure something
أمثلة
The GDP growth rate serves as a reference for economic performance.
معدل نمو الناتج المحلي الإجمالي يعمل كمرجع للأداء الاقتصادي.
The star 's brightness was used as a reference in the study of celestial bodies.
تم استخدام سطوع النجم كـ مرجع في دراسة الأجرام السماوية.
05
تزكية
a letter written by a former employer about a former employee who has applied for a new job, giving information about them
أمثلة
She requested a reference from her previous manager to support her job application.
طلبت توصية من مديرها السابق لدعم طلبها للوظيفة.
His reference highlighted his strong work ethic and excellent communication skills.
أبرزت المرجعية الخاصة به أخلاقيات العمل القوية ومهارات الاتصال الممتازة لديه.
06
the specific thing, object, or concept that a word, phrase, or expression points to
أمثلة
In " the Eiffel Tower, " the reference is the famous Paris landmark.
Linguists study how words acquire reference in different contexts.
07
the act of referring to, consulting, or directing attention to a source of information
أمثلة
She made a reference to the dictionary to check the spelling.
The report included references to multiple academic studies.
08
the relationship in which a word, phrase, or expression points to, denotes, or indicates a specific entity, object, or concept
أمثلة
In the sentence " The cat is on the mat, " " cat " and " mat " have clear references.
Pronouns like " he " or " they " depend on context to establish reference.
09
a publication, or a specific passage within a publication, that is cited or referred to
أمثلة
The paper included a reference to a recent journal article.
She added several references from historical texts in her essay.
10
the code, pointer, or address that indicates where a piece of information is stored in memory or storage
أمثلة
In programming, a reference allows a function to access the original variable.
The database stores references to user profiles rather than duplicating data.
to reference
01
to refer to a source, publication, or piece of information for evidence, support, or clarification
أمثلة
In her essay, she referenced several studies on climate change.
The report references the latest government statistics.
شجرة معجمية
coreference
reference
refer
