Definition & Meaning of "churl"in English

What is the origin of the term "churl" and how is it used?

"Churl" is an English term dating back to the Old English ceorl (around the 9th–10th century), originally meaning a free peasant or commoner. Over time, by the Middle Ages, it developed a figurative sense for a rude, boorish, or uncivilized person, likely because of social prejudice against lower-class behavior. The word appears in literature, historical texts, and formal writing to criticize manners or conduct. It is derogatory, implying coarse or unpleasant behavior, but is relatively mild and more formal or literary than slang insults.