A tank locomotive is a type of steam locomotive that has its water and fuel storage built into the body of the engine, rather than in separate cars that follow the train. This design allows the locomotive to be more compact and flexible, as it does not require additional cars to carry the water and fuel needed for steam generation. Tank locomotives are often used on shorter or lighter rail lines where space for extra cars is limited, or where frequent stops for water are not necessary. They were commonly used in urban areas, on smaller rail networks, and for switching duties in cargo areas.

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