āĻ āĻ¨ā§āĻ¸āĻ¨ā§āĻ§āĻžāĻ¨ āĻāĻ°ā§āĻ¨
āĻ āĻāĻŋāĻ§āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ° āĻāĻžāĻˇāĻž āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻ¨ āĻāĻ°ā§āĻ¨
āĻāĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻāĻžāĻˇāĻž āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻ¨ āĻāĻ°ā§āĻ¨
absolutely
/ËÃĻbsÉËluËtli/
absolutely
absolutely
01
āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§āĻŖāĻāĻžāĻŦā§, āĻāĻā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ°ā§
in a total or complete way
āĻāĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖ
He absolutely refused to listen to reason.
āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§āĻŖāĻāĻžāĻŦā§ āĻ¯ā§āĻā§āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻļā§āĻ¨āĻ¤ā§ āĻ
āĻ¸ā§āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāĻ° āĻāĻ°ā§āĻāĻŋāĻ˛ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤
1.1
āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§āĻŖ, āĻāĻā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ°ā§
used for strong emphasis or exaggeration
āĻāĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖ
The food was absolutely amazing.
āĻāĻžāĻŦāĻžāĻ°āĻāĻŋ āĻāĻāĻĻāĻŽ āĻāĻļā§āĻāĻ°ā§āĻ¯āĻāĻ¨āĻ āĻāĻŋāĻ˛āĨ¤
1.2
āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§āĻŖāĻāĻžāĻŦā§, āĻāĻāĻĻāĻŽ
with unrestricted control or authority
āĻāĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖ
He ruled absolutely, without any checks on his power.
āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻāĻā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ°ā§ āĻļāĻžāĻ¸āĻ¨ āĻāĻ°ā§āĻāĻŋāĻ˛ā§āĻ¨, āĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻā§āĻˇāĻŽāĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻāĻĒāĻ° āĻā§āĻ¨ āĻā§āĻ āĻāĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻāĨ¤
02
āĻāĻāĻĻāĻŽ, āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§āĻŖāĻāĻžāĻŦā§
used to emphasize zero quantity or presence
Informal
āĻāĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖ
There was absolutely nothing we could do.
āĻāĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻāĻā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ āĻāĻŋāĻā§ āĻāĻ°āĻ¤ā§ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋāĨ¤
03
āĻāĻā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ°ā§, āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§āĻŖāĻāĻžāĻŦā§
without relation to anything else, in an independent or unqualified manner
āĻāĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖ
Profits rose absolutely despite inflation.
āĻŽā§āĻ¨āĻžāĻĢāĻž āĻāĻā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ°ā§ āĻŦā§āĻĄāĻŧā§āĻā§ āĻŽā§āĻĻā§āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻĢā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻāĨ¤
04
āĻāĻā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ°ā§, āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĒā§āĻā§āĻˇāĻāĻžāĻŦā§
(grammar) without a direct object or complement
āĻāĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖ
" Reads " is used absolutely in She reads before bed.
"āĻĒāĻĄāĻŧā§" āĻāĻā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ°ā§ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšā§āĻ¤ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ¸ā§ āĻā§āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ° āĻāĻā§ āĻĒāĻĄāĻŧā§āĨ¤
āĻ¨āĻŋāĻāĻāĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ
