Definition & Meaning of "tympanum"

Tympanum

NOUN

the membrane in the ear that vibrates to sound

the main cavity of the ear; between the eardrum and the inner ear

the semi-circular or triangular space enclosed by the lintel and arch above a doorway, often decorated with sculptural reliefs or intricate designs

What is a "tympanum"?

A tympanum is an architectural term that refers to the semicircular or triangular space above a door or window, often filled with decorative elements such as sculptures, carvings, or reliefs. Typically found in classical and Gothic architecture, the tympanum serves both a structural and artistic purpose, providing support for the arch or beam above while also showcasing artistic motifs that convey religious or cultural themes. In many churches and cathedrals, tympana often depict scenes from the Bible, figures of saints, or symbolic imagery, enhancing the overall visual impact of the entrance and inviting reflection on the meaning of the artwork.

Example

The classical temple had a pediment with a tympanum featuring a relief sculpture of gods and goddesses in a celestial procession.

The Romanesque church had a tympanum set within its pediment, depicting the Last Judgment in vivid detail.

The Romanesque doorway was framed by a sculpted tympanum depicting Christ in Majesty, surrounded by angels and saints.

The Renaissance cathedral's tympanum was adorned with a depiction of the Last Judgment, a dramatic and powerful statement of religious doctrine.

The medieval castle's great hall featured a tympanum above the entrance, adorned with the coat of arms of the ruling family, signaling their authority and power.