āĻ āĻ¨ā§āĻ¸āĻ¨ā§āĻ§āĻžāĻ¨ āĻāĻ°ā§āĻ¨
āĻ āĻāĻŋāĻ§āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ° āĻāĻžāĻˇāĻž āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻ¨ āĻāĻ°ā§āĻ¨
āĻāĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻāĻžāĻˇāĻž āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻ¨ āĻāĻ°ā§āĻ¨
refractory
/ÉšÉĒfÉšËÃĻktÉÉšËi/
Refractory
01
āĻ āĻā§āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¸āĻš, āĻ āĻā§āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¸āĻš āĻāĻĒāĻžāĻĻāĻžāĻ¨
a material, typically ceramic or mineral-based, used to line furnaces, kilns, incinerators, or reactors due to its ability to withstand extremely high temperatures without melting or degrading
āĻāĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖ
Engineers selected a magnesium oxide refractory for its superior thermal stability.
āĻāĻā§āĻāĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ°āĻ°āĻž āĻāĻ° āĻāĻā§āĻāĻ¤āĻ° āĻ¤āĻžāĻĒā§āĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻŋāĻ¤āĻŋāĻļā§āĻ˛āĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻŽā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¸āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻŽ āĻ
āĻā§āĻ¸āĻžāĻāĻĄ āĻ°āĻŋāĻĢā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻā§āĻāĻ°āĻŋ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻ¨ āĻāĻ°ā§āĻā§āĻ¨āĨ¤
refractory
01
āĻāĻŋāĻĻā§, āĻāĻāĻā§āĻāĻ¯āĻŧā§
hard to control because of stubbornness
āĻāĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖ
His refractory attitude made teamwork nearly impossible.
āĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻāĻŋāĻĻāĻŋ āĻāĻāĻ°āĻŖ āĻĻāĻ˛āĻāĻ¤ āĻāĻžāĻāĻā§ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ
āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻāĻŦ āĻāĻ°ā§ āĻ¤ā§āĻ˛ā§āĻāĻŋāĻ˛āĨ¤
02
āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻ§ā§, āĻ āĻ¸āĻāĻŦā§āĻĻāĻ¨āĻļā§āĻ˛
(of a system or cell) momentarily inactive or resistant
āĻāĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖ
The heart muscle has a brief refractory phase after each contraction.
āĻšā§āĻĻāĻĒā§āĻļā§ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋāĻāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻāĻā§āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ° āĻĒāĻ°ā§ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻāĻā§āĻˇāĻŋāĻĒā§āĻ¤ āĻ°āĻŋāĻĢā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻā§āĻāĻ°āĻŋ āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻāĻā§āĨ¤
03
āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻ§ā§, āĻ āĻŦāĻžāĻ§ā§āĻ¯
(of a condition or disease) resisting therapeutic intervention
āĻāĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖ
Doctors struggled with a refractory infection that did n't respond to antibiotics.
āĻĄāĻžāĻā§āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻ°āĻž āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻ§ā§ āĻ¸āĻāĻā§āĻ°āĻŽāĻŖā§āĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§ āĻ˛āĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻ āĻāĻ°ā§āĻāĻŋāĻ˛ā§āĻ¨ āĻ¯āĻž āĻ
ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧā§āĻāĻŋāĻā§āĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋāĻā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻāĻžāĻ¨āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ¨āĻŋāĨ¤
āĻ¨āĻŋāĻāĻāĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ
