What is a "gonad"?

A gonad is a reproductive organ that produces gametes (sperm or eggs) and is involved in the production of sex hormones. In males, the gonads are the testes, which produce sperm and the male sex hormone testosterone. In females, the gonads are the ovaries, which produce eggs and the female sex hormones estrogen and progesterone. The gonads play a vital role in sexual development, fertility, and the regulation of secondary sexual characteristics. They are regulated by a complex interplay of hormones from the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and other endocrine organs. Disorders or dysfunctions of the gonads can lead to infertility, hormonal imbalances, and reproductive health issues.