Definition & Meaning of "achalasia"

What is "achalasia"?

Achalasia is a rare disorder that affects the ability of the esophagus, which is the swallowing tube, to move food down to the stomach. It happens when the muscles of the esophagus and the lower esophageal sphincter (LES), which acts like a door between the esophagus and the stomach, do not relax properly. This leads to difficulty swallowing and the feeling of food sticking in the throat or chest. Symptoms of achalasia may include trouble swallowing solids and liquids, undigested food coming back up the esophagus, chest pain or discomfort, and weight loss. The exact cause of achalasia is unknown, but it may involve damage to the nerves in the esophagus. Treatment options include medications to relax the LES, widening the esophagus using a medical tool, and surgery to help open the LES.