A nephrologist is a medical doctor who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders related to the kidneys. They focus on conditions such as kidney stones, hypertension-related kidney damage, electrolyte disorders, and kidney failure. Nephrologists perform tests such as blood and urine tests, imaging studies, and kidney tissue sampling to evaluate kidney function and identify any abnormalities. They develop treatment plans customized to each patient's specific condition, which may include medication management, dietary changes, kidney transplantation, or dialysis, which is a process that removes waste and excess fluid from the blood.

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