Addison's disease, also known as adrenal insufficiency, is a disorder that occurs when the adrenal glands, which are small glands located on top of the kidneys, do not produce enough hormones, particularly cortisol and aldosterone. These hormones are essential for regulating metabolism, maintaining blood pressure, and responding to stress. Symptoms of Addison's disease can vary but often include fatigue, weakness, weight loss, low blood pressure, and darkening of the skin. In some cases, individuals may experience a sudden worsening of symptoms, known as an adrenal crisis, which can be life-threatening if not immediately treated. Addison's disease is usually caused by autoimmune destruction of the adrenal glands, although other factors such as infections or certain medications can also contribute. Treatment typically involves lifelong hormone replacement therapy to replace the hormones that are not produced enough and prevent complications.

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