A vacuum brake is a type of braking system used on some trains, which operates by creating a vacuum, a space with low air pressure, to activate the brakes. The vacuum is created in a chamber and, when applied, causes a valve to open, which allows brake pads to press against the wheels, slowing the train down. This system was widely used in the past, especially on older trains, but has been mostly replaced by air brakes in modern rail transport due to the greater reliability and power of air brake systems. Despite this, vacuum brakes are still found on some older or preserved trains.

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