A back-rank mate is a checkmate that occurs when an opponent’s king is trapped on the back rank, usually by its own pawns. This happens when the pawns block the king’s escape, and an attacking piece, like a queen or rook, delivers a check. The king cannot move to any other square because it is surrounded by its own pieces, and there are no pieces left to block or capture the attacking piece. A back-rank mate often arises when the opponent has neglected to create space for their king to escape on the back rank.

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