āĻ āύā§āϏāύā§āϧāĻžāύ āĻāϰā§āύ
āĻ āĻāĻŋāϧāĻžāύā§āϰ āĻāĻžāώāĻž āύāĻŋāϰā§āĻŦāĻžāĻāύ āĻāϰā§āύ
āĻāĻĒāύāĻžāϰ āĻāĻžāώāĻž āύāĻŋāϰā§āĻŦāĻžāĻāύ āĻāϰā§āύ
hard-nosed
/hËÉËdnËÉĘzd/
hard-nosed
01
āĻŦāĻžāϏā§āϤāĻŦāĻŦāĻžāĻĻā§, āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰāĻŋāĻ
guided by practical experience and observation rather than theory
āύāĻŋāĻāĻāĻŦāϰā§āϤ⧠āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ



























