تعريف ومعنى "hornwork"

What is a "hornwork"?

A hornwork is a type of fortification design characterized by a series of angled walls or earthworks that project outward from the main defensive walls of a castle or fort. This feature creates a horn-like shape, hence the name. Hornworks are typically constructed to strengthen defenses and provide additional protection against attackers. They can include ditches or moats and often feature bastions, which are projecting structures that allow defenders to fire at enemies from multiple angles. The design of a hornwork enhances the overall security of a fortification by creating a layered defense system, making it more difficult for attackers to breach the walls. Hornworks were commonly used in military architecture during the Renaissance and early modern periods.