Definition & Meaning of "markedness"

What is "markedness"?

Markedness refers to a linguistic concept that describes the relative complexity or simplicity of linguistic forms or structures. In this context, a marked form is considered more complex, specific, or less common, while an unmarked form is simpler, more general, or more frequently used. For example, in English, the singular form of a noun, like "cat," is unmarked, while the plural form, like "cats," is marked because it adds an extra element to convey the change in meaning. Markedness can apply to various aspects of language, including morphology, syntax, and phonology, helping to explain how certain forms are perceived and used in communication.