Definition & Meaning of "negotiated output"

What is "negotiated output"?

Negotiated output refers to the process in which language learners actively modify their speech or writing during communication to make it clearer or more accurate. This occurs when learners attempt to express their ideas and realize that their language use may not be fully understood or correct. In response, they may reformulate their sentences, ask for clarification, or provide additional explanations. This process helps learners identify gaps in their knowledge and improve their language skills by encouraging them to focus on the structure and vocabulary they use. Negotiated output promotes active participation in conversations, enhancing both fluency and accuracy in language acquisition.