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involuntary
01
非自愿的, 自发的
happening without having any intention or control
02
不自主的, 非自愿的
controlled by the autonomic nervous system; without conscious control
involuntary
adj
voluntary
adj
voluntar
n
involuntariness
n
involuntariness
n
例子
Hiccups occur due to involuntary spasms of the diaphragm.
Involuntary manslaughter may result from negligent actions that lead to someone's death, such as a fatal workplace accident.
The extensor reflex is an involuntary response that causes the leg to kick out when the knee is tapped.
The control of respiration involves both voluntary and involuntary mechanisms.
Nerve impulses travel along the spinal cord to control voluntary and involuntary functions.
