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on top of
01
除...之外, 在...之上
denoting the inclusion of something extra alongside existing tasks, responsibilities, or obligations
Collocation
Example
On top of her full-time job, she is also pursuing a master's degree.
除全职工作之外,在攻读硕士学位。
She had to work late hours on top of her regular shifts.
她不得不在正常班次的除外，额外工作到很晚。
02
在...上面, 在...之上
positioned on the upper surface of something
Example
The keys were on top of the desk.
钥匙在桌子上面。
The book was on top of the shelf.
这本书在书架上面。
03
掌控, 控制着
in a position of control, authority, or mastery
Example
The CEO is on top of the company's operations.
CEO掌控着公司的运营。
She 's on top of her work, managing the team efficiently.
她对工作掌控自如，有效地管理着团队。
