The ileum is a crucial part of the digestive system, located between the jejunum and the cecum. It plays a significant role in absorbing nutrients, minerals, and vitamins from partially digested food, which are then transported to the bloodstream for distribution throughout the body. The ileum also aids in the reabsorption of bile salts and vitamin B12. Its inner lining contains numerous small finger-like projections called villi, which increase the surface area for efficient nutrient absorption.

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