Emphysema is a chronic lung condition that is part of a group of diseases known as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It involves the gradual destruction of the air sacs in the lungs, called alveoli, which reduces the surface area available for oxygen exchange. This leads to symptoms such as shortness of breath, coughing, wheezing, chest tightness, and fatigue. Common cause of emphysema is smoking, long-term exposure to air pollution or industrial dust, and genetic factors. Emphysema is a progressive disease, meaning it worsens over time, and while it cannot be cured, its symptoms can be managed with medications, breathing exercises, lifestyle changes, and, in serious cases, oxygen therapy or surgery.

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