A backward pawn in chess is a pawn that is positioned behind all other pawns on nearby columns and cannot safely advance without being captured. This typically occurs when pawns on neighboring columns have moved forward, leaving the backward pawn isolated. Backward pawns are considered weak because they are vulnerable to attacks, often becoming targets for the opponent’s pieces. They can be exploited by placing an opponent's piece in front of them, and they often limit the mobility of other pieces, making it a disadvantageous position.

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