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on top of
01
加えて, の上に
denoting the inclusion of something extra alongside existing tasks, responsibilities, or obligations
Collocation
Example
On top of her full-time job, she is also pursuing a master's degree.
She had to work late hours on top of her regular shifts.
On top of studying for exams, he also had to prepare for a presentation.
02
デスクの上に, デスクの上に載っている
positioned on the upper surface of something
Example
The keys were on top of the desk.
The book was on top of the shelf.
03
支配している (しはいしている), 優位に立っている (ゆういにたっている)
in a position of control, authority, or mastery
Example
The CEO is on top of the company's operations.
She 's on top of her work, managing the team efficiently.
