What is the origin of the idiom "batten down the hatches" and when to use it?

The idiom "batten down the hatches" has its origins in maritime terminology. "Hatches" are the openings in the deck of a ship that provide access to the lower levels. "Battening down" means to secure the hatches with wooden strips or battens to prevent water from entering the ship during a storm. Figuratively, this expression is used to mean preparing for a difficult or challenging situation, taking precautions, or getting ready for an upcoming storm or crisis.