Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) is a type of depression that occurs at a specific time of year, usually during the fall and winter months when daylight hours are shorter. People with SAD may experience symptoms such as low mood, lack of energy, oversleeping, overeating, and difficulty concentrating. These symptoms typically improve as the seasons change and daylight hours increase in the spring and summer. The exact cause of SAD is not fully understood, but it is thought to be related to changes in light exposure, which can disturb the body's internal clock and mood-controlling hormones. Treatment for SAD often involves light therapy, where individuals are exposed to bright artificial light to mimic natural sunlight, as well as other therapies such as medication and counseling.

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