рдЦреЛрдЬреЗрдВ
рд╢рдмреНрджрдХреЛрд╢ рдХреА рднрд╛рд╖рд╛ рдЪреБрдиреЗрдВ
рдЕрдкрдиреА рднрд╛рд╖рд╛ рдЪреБрдиреЗрдВ
spine
/sp╦ИaтАН╔кn/
Spine
01
рд░реАрдврд╝
the row of small bones that are joined together down the center of the back of the body
рдЙрджрд╛рд╣рд░рдг
Strengthening the muscles around the spine can provide better support and reduce strain.
рд░реАрдврд╝ рдХреЗ рдЖрд╕рдкрд╛рд╕ рдХреА рдорд╛рдВрд╕рдкреЗрд╢рд┐рдпреЛрдВ рдХреЛ рдордЬрдмреВрдд рдХрд░рдиреЗ рд╕реЗ рдмреЗрд╣рддрд░ рд╕рдорд░реНрдерди рдорд┐рд▓ рд╕рдХрддрд╛ рд╣реИ рдФрд░ рддрдирд╛рд╡ рдХрдо рд╣реЛ рд╕рдХрддрд╛ рд╣реИред
02
a small, sharp-pointed tip on a plant, such as a leaf or stem, resembling a spike
рдЙрджрд╛рд╣рд░рдг
Thorny branches have numerous spines.
03
a sharp, rigid projection or appendage on an animal, such as a porcupine quill, a bony ridge, or a fin ray
рдЙрджрд╛рд╣рд░рдг
The hedgehog 's spines protect it from predators.
04
the outer edge or binding of a book that encloses the inner pages and faces outward when shelved
рдЙрджрд╛рд╣рд░рдг
The book 's spine had faded over time.
05
a sharp, pointed projection or protuberance
рдЙрджрд╛рд╣рд░рдг
He added spines to the model to indicate danger.
06
рд╕рд╛рд╣рд╕, рдЪрд░рд┐рддреНрд░ рдмрд▓
inner strength, moral courage, or the ability to stand up for oneself
Slang
рдЙрджрд╛рд╣рд░рдг
The team lacked spine when the manager made unfair decisions.
рдЬрдм рдкреНрд░рдмрдВрдзрдХ рдиреЗ рдЕрдиреБрдЪрд┐рдд рдирд┐рд░реНрдгрдп рд▓рд┐рдП рддреЛ рдЯреАрдо рдореЗрдВ рд░реАрдврд╝ рдХреА рд╣рдбреНрдбреА рдХреА рдХрдореА рдереАред
рд╢рдмреНрджрд╛рд╡рд▓реА рд╡реГрдХреНрд╖
spineless
spine
рдирд┐рдХрдЯрд╡рд░реНрддреА рд╢рдмреНрдж



























