āĻ āĻ¨ā§āĻ¸āĻ¨ā§āĻ§āĻžāĻ¨ āĻāĻ°ā§āĻ¨
āĻ āĻāĻŋāĻ§āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ° āĻāĻžāĻˇāĻž āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻ¨ āĻāĻ°ā§āĻ¨
āĻāĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻāĻžāĻˇāĻž āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻ¨ āĻāĻ°ā§āĻ¨
certain
01
āĻ¨āĻŋāĻļā§āĻāĻŋāĻ¤, āĻāĻ¤ā§āĻŽāĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸ā§
feeling completely sure about something and showing that you believe it
āĻāĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖ
He felt certain that the plan would work.
āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻļā§āĻāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻ
āĻ¨ā§āĻāĻŦ āĻāĻ°ā§āĻāĻŋāĻ˛ā§āĻ¨ āĻ¯ā§ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻāĻ˛ā§āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻāĻŋ āĻāĻžāĻ āĻāĻ°āĻŦā§āĨ¤
02
āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ, āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻˇ
referring to a specific thing, person, or group, distinct from others
āĻāĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖ
There was a certain charm to the old bookstore, although she could n't pinpoint exactly what it was.
āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻ¨ā§ āĻŦāĻāĻ¯āĻŧā§āĻ° āĻĻā§āĻāĻžāĻ¨ā§ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ āĻāĻāĻ°ā§āĻˇāĻŖ āĻāĻŋāĻ˛, āĻ¯āĻĻāĻŋāĻ āĻ¸ā§ āĻ āĻŋāĻ āĻā§ āĻāĻŋāĻ˛ āĻ¤āĻž āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ āĻāĻ°āĻ¤ā§ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ¨āĻŋāĨ¤
2.1
āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ, āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻ¨āĻžāĻŽā§
used with a name to refer to someone unknown or unspecified
āĻāĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖ
A certain Dr. Green was in charge of the investigation.
āĻāĻ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ āĻĄ. āĻā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¨ āĻ¤āĻĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ° āĻĻāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĻŋāĻ¤ā§āĻŦā§ āĻāĻŋāĻ˛ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤
03
āĻ¨āĻŋāĻļā§āĻāĻŋāĻ¤, āĻ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻŦāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ¯
unavoidable or very likely to happen
āĻāĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖ
After months of preparation, their success seemed certain.
āĻŽāĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°, āĻ¤āĻžāĻĻā§āĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻĢāĻ˛ā§āĻ¯ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻļā§āĻāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻŦāĻ˛ā§ āĻŽāĻ¨ā§ āĻšāĻā§āĻāĻŋāĻ˛āĨ¤
04
āĻ¨āĻŋāĻļā§āĻāĻŋāĻ¤, āĻ āĻŦāĻļā§āĻ¯āĻŽā§āĻāĻžāĻŦā§
destined to happen or incapable of failing
āĻāĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖ
She is certain to arrive on time.
āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¯āĻŧāĻŽāĻ¤ā§ āĻĒā§āĻāĻāĻžāĻ¤ā§ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻļā§āĻāĻŋāĻ¤āĨ¤
05
āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ, āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤
dependable and guaranteed to produce a specific result
āĻāĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖ
He found a certain solution to the problem after much research.
āĻ
āĻ¨ā§āĻ āĻāĻŦā§āĻˇāĻŖāĻžāĻ° āĻĒāĻ° āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¸ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ° āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻžāĻ§āĻžāĻ¨ āĻĒā§āĻ¯āĻŧā§āĻā§āĻ¨āĨ¤
certain
01
āĻāĻŋāĻā§, āĻāĻ¯āĻŧā§āĻāĻāĻŋ
used to refer to an unspecified selection within a group or category
āĻāĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖ
The museum displayed a variety of artifacts, certain of which date back to ancient civilizations.
āĻāĻžāĻĻā§āĻāĻ°āĻāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¨ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻĻāĻ°ā§āĻļāĻ¨ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĻāĻ°ā§āĻļāĻ¨ āĻāĻ°ā§āĻā§, āĻāĻŋāĻā§ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻā§āĻ¨ āĻ¸āĻā§āĻ¯āĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻŋāĻāĨ¤
āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāĻ¤āĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻ āĻāĻžāĻ
certainly
certainty
incertain
certain
āĻ¨āĻŋāĻāĻāĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ
