Actinomycosis is a bacterial infection caused by bacteria from the Actinomyces species that can affect both humans and animals. It is rare in humans, typically affecting the face, neck, or chest, forming lumps or fluid-filled pockets that can be painful. This infection can sometimes resemble other infections or tumors, making diagnosis challenging. In animals, mainly cattle, it is more commonly known as "lumpy jaw," causing large lumps to grow on the head and neck. Actinomycosis can also affect other mammals, including sheep, swine, horses, and dogs, although it is rare. Treatment usually involves antibiotics and, in some cases, surgical drainage of the lumps. Early detection and quick treatment are essential to prevent complications.

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