Runes are the characters of ancient alphabets used by Germanic peoples, including the Vikings, Anglo-Saxons, and early Scandinavians. These alphabets, known collectively as runic alphabets, were used from around the 2nd to the 13th centuries. The most well-known runic system is the Elder Futhark, which consists of angular, straight-lined letters, making them easy to carve into wood or stone. Runes were used for inscriptions on monuments, weapons, and personal items, and they often had symbolic or magical significance. Although they are no longer in use, runes are important in the study of early Germanic languages and cultures.

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