Definition & Meaning of "relevance theory"

What is "relevance theory"?

Relevance theory is a cognitive approach to communication and understanding meaning, developed by Dan Sperber and Deirdre Wilson. This theory suggests that individuals interpret messages based on the principle of relevance, which indicates that people are naturally inclined to seek information that is most useful and applicable to their current context. According to relevance theory, communicators provide hints or cues, and listeners draw conclusions about meaning based on the expectations of relevance. The theory emphasizes the importance of context and the mental processes involved in interpreting language, arguing that effective communication relies on shared knowledge and the ability to recognize what is important in a given situation.