"nucleic acid" 的定义和意义

What is "nucleic acid"?

Nucleic acids are crucial molecules found in all living organisms, playing a central role in storing and transmitting genetic information. They come in two main forms: DNA and RNA. DNA holds the genetic instructions necessary for an organism's development, growth, and functioning, while RNA acts as a messenger, carrying out DNA's instructions to produce proteins. These molecules are made up of smaller units called nucleotides, each consisting of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. The sequence of these bases determines the unique genetic code of an individual, influencing traits and characteristics.